Reinhardt, André (2017). Antimicrobial peptides as new potential antibiotics. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
In recent years, the rapid increase of antibiotic resistances and the expansion of multi-resistant bacterial strains have provoked the need to develop novel antibiotics. So-called antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short, amphiphilic, cationic peptides and part of the innate immune system. There unique membrane disrupting mechanism and the low propensity for developing resistances attracted their attention in pharmaceutical medicine. AMPs are active against a wide spectrum of microorganisms, such as gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. The present thesis focuses on improving the antimicrobial activity of AMPs by using different strategies like synthesis of AMP-conjugates, membrane immobilization of AMPs, and amino acid exchanges within the AMP sequence. For this, multiple imidazolium-salts, already described as antibacterial agents, were conjugated to AMPs via solid phase peptide synthesis, developing a branched conjugate. Combination of both compounds resulted in a higher antimicrobial activity against multi-resistant bacterial strains. Selectivity of the novel compounds was demonstrated against human-red blood cells, which was further investigated by lipid interaction studies with cholesterol. The most selective compound IL-KKA (3a) could be used as a future lead structure for the development of new antimicrobial agents. Since 80% of human infections are caused by biofilms, the newly designed compound IL-KKA (3a) was coupled covalently via a peptide bond or with electron beam radiation on polyether sulfone membranes (PES). Both immobilization techniques were successfully performed, still showing a high antimicrobial activity of the immobilized compound. The cell-penetrating peptide sC18 was converted to an AMP by amino acid exchanges with isoleucine and phenylalanine. Isoleucine and phenylalanine mono mutants already exhibited an increased activity against a wide spectrum of bacteria. A higher amount of phenylalanine in the sequence leads to a further increased antimicrobial activity. The insertion of hydrophobic amino acids at position 10 led to the formation of a characteristic α-helix, while the positions 15 and 16 seemed to be necessary for hydrophobic membrane interactions. All in all, this thesis highlights the successful modification of AMPs to more active antimicrobial agents, which make them extremely interesting for the design of future antibiotics and the application of potential anti-biofilm agents.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-76727 | ||||||||
Date: | 3 April 2017 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Medicine > Biochemie > Institut I für Biochemie | ||||||||
Subjects: | Natural sciences and mathematics Chemistry and allied sciences Life sciences |
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Date of oral exam: | 2 June 2017 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/7672 |
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