Schlegel, Tim ORCID: 0009-0001-6255-723X
(2025).
Mitochondrial proteome maintenance in murine spinal motor axons and the role of the RNA-binding protein CLUH.
PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Mitochondria play a very important role in mediating neuronal activity and survival. Dysfunction of mitochondria is related to a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Often axons are particularly affected, which is thought to be connected to the high polarisation of neurons. Their long axons and other distal areas make the homeostasis of organelles like mitochondria and the supply of new proteins challenging. Direct transport of proteins or whole organelles over long distances can be limited by protein half-live. Thus, transport of mRNAs and local translation are central alternatives. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) play an important role in this context, by forming complexes that can regulate mRNA stability, transport and translation, and mediate the tethering of mRNAs to organelles to facilitate localised translation. CLUH (Clustered mitochondria protein homolog) is an RBP, which binds to mRNAs of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins. Loss of CLUH not only leads to clustering of mitochondria, but also to an increased decay of its target mRNAs and to a reduced abundance of the corresponding proteins. This defect has also been observed in axons of primary spinal motoneurons of a Cluh knock-out mouse model. Thus, suggesting a key role of CLUH in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis at post-transcriptional level. As mentioned, mitochondria in axons face the challenge of long distances for the maintenance with new proteins and it is unclear what affects this may have on the mitochondrial proteome. Therefore, I wanted to compare the mitochondria annotated proteome of axons to the rest of the cell. I cultured primary spinal motoneurons in a two-chambered microfluidic device, yielding one compartment composed exclusively of axons and another with whole neurons. Analysis of the axonal mitochondrial proteome identified the depletion of proteins involved into oxidative phosphorylation and parts of the citric acid cycle, while proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism and urea cycle were enriched in axons. These proteome changes suggest a metabolic difference between axonal and whole cell mitochondria. By correlating my data to other existing datasets, I explored if mRNA stability, mRNA transport, axonal translatome or protein half-life could be factors involved in regulating protein enrichment. While no factor correlated with the mitochondrial proteome in general, protein half-life appeared to play a substantial role in the citric acid cycle. Moreover, the shift from elongated to circular morphology of axonal mitochondria, correlated with an increase of soluble over membrane associated mitochondrial proteins in axons. In a more specific approach, focusing on the RBP CLUH, I investigated how CLUH may regulate its mRNA targets on a post-transcriptional level in motoneurons. In order to analyse whether the reduced mRNA abundance in axons of primary spinal motoneurons may be caused by altered axonal transport, I used an optimised mRNA-tether system (MS2-MCP) that allows for live imaging of mRNA at high temporal and spatial resolution. I showed that CLUH has no effect on active and directed transport of target mRNAs (Mdh2, Atp5a), suggesting that other regulatory mechanisms like increased mRNA decay are involved in the lower mRNA levels. Increased decay could be due to mislocalisation of mRNA away from translational hubs like endosomal and mitochondrial surfaces. However, I found only a small reduction in association length and no change in co-movement of Mdh2 mRNA with late endosomes in CLUH KO axons. Similarly, in HeLa cells CLUH did not impact co-localisation of mRNA to late endosomes or mitochondria and CLUH preferentially associates with Mdh2 away from these organelles.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||||||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-780854 | ||||||||||||||||||
Date: | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||
Place of Publication: | Köln | ||||||||||||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||||||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||||||||||||
Divisions: | CECAD - Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Biology > Institute for Genetics |
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Subjects: | Natural sciences and mathematics Life sciences Medical sciences Medicine |
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Date of oral exam: | 5 February 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/78085 |
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