Kreuzberger, Nina ORCID: 0000-0001-8922-0488
(2025).
Systematic reviews of prognosis in haematological malignancies.
PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Background: Prognosis is the forecasting of a future health state or the course of a disease based on a defined baseline health state. Although the amount of prognostic primary literature is increasing, the methodology for systematic reviews on prognosis questions within Cochrane was not yet established. Objective: The aim of this dissertation was to develop exemplary work regarding methodology of prognosis systematic reviews based on clinically relevant questions in haematology. The following systematic reviews were conducted: - Interim PET-results for prognosis in adults with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) - Prognostic models for newly-diagnosed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) in adults - Positron emission tomography-adapted therapy for first-line treatment in adults with HL. Methods: The three Cochrane systematic reviews were conducted using the main steps according to the internationally recognised gold standard by Cochrane: protocol development, search strategy, screening of the literature, risk of bias assessment, data extraction and synthesis, and rating of the certainty in the evidence. Within each step, the methodology was adapted according to the type of research question. Results: Across stages, the interim-PET status is probably a good predictor for overall survival and may also be a predictor for progression-free survival in HL. Adverse events related to PET were not reported. There are serious limitations regarding the conduct and reporting of prognostic factor studies such as lack of adjustment and inconsistencies regarding analyses. We identified 52 prognostic models for CLL. Of those, 12 were externally validated, three with at least three validations were meta-analysed (Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia international prognostic index (CLL-IPI), MDACC 2007 score, Barcelona-Brno score). The CLL-IPI seems to discriminate best between low and high-risk individuals. We pooled survival per risk group. In early-stage HL with a negative interim-PET, treatment de-escalation cannot be recommended due to uncertainty. In intermediate-stage HL, de-intensification might be an option, as it does not seem to affect survival and progression and secondary malignancies. In advanced-stage HL, de-escalation probably results in a benefit for patients regarding overall survival and secondary malignancies without affecting progression-free survival. In interim-PET positive HL, treatment intensification may increase overall and progression-free survival in early-to-intermediate stage. Adding rituximab to standard therapy in advanced-stage HL has probably no benefit for overall and progression-free survival but increases harms. Conclusion Prognosis systematic reviews are a feasible study design. The primary study landscape still suffers from limitations such as lack of indexing, very serious reporting deficiencies and studies at high risk of bias. This series of prognosis reviews shows that knowledge on a good prognostic factor can result in this factor being explored as a target for treatment adaptation. However, the differences of PET-based treatment adaptation across early, intermediate, and advanced stages also show that such factor does not always translate into good stratification. The precise situations of benefit have to be carefully disentangled. The prognostic model literature seems to lean unproportionally towards developing models as compared to externally validating or impact testing these models, leading to an abundance of models without clinical applicability.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-788085 | ||||||||||||||
Date: | 2025 | ||||||||||||||
Place of Publication: | Köln | ||||||||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Medicine | ||||||||||||||
Divisions: | Unspecified | ||||||||||||||
Subjects: | General statistics Medical sciences Medicine |
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Date of oral exam: | 19 August 2025 | ||||||||||||||
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Funders: | Publication 1 (Interim PET-results for prognosis in adults with Hodgkin lymphoma): Grant by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Grant no. 01KG1709), Publication 2 (Prognostic models for newly-diagnosed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis): Grant by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Grant no. 01KG1711), Publication 3 (Positron emission tomography-adapted therapy for first-line treatment in adults with Hodgkin lymphoma): This project did not receive any financial support. | ||||||||||||||
Projects: | Interim-PET zur Prognoseabschätzung bei Erwachsenen mit Hodgkin Lymphom: eine exemplarische Übersichtsarbeit zu prognostischen Faktoren, Prognostische Modelle für die chronisch lymphatische Leukämie (CLL): eine exemplarische Übersichtsarbeit und Meta-Analyse | ||||||||||||||
Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/78808 |
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