Peißker, Florian ORCID: 0000-0002-9850-2708 (2018). Tracing the Dusty S-cluster Object on its orbit around the supermassive black hole in our galaxy. Near infrared observations with sinfoni at the Very Large Telescope. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
A faint gas cloud called G2 is found in 2011 on its way towards Sgr A* (that is associated with a supermassive black hole) in the center of the Milky Way. Since the first identification of this source (that is called Dusty S-cluster Object in the following), it is traced until spring 2014 in the red-shifted Br-gamma wavelength domain with the SINFONI instrument mounted at the VLT/Chile. It emits not only in the red-shifted Br_gamma domain (with respect to the rest wavelength at 2.1661 µm, the Dusty S-cluster Object (DSO) is also traceable in the red-shifted Pa-alpha and He-I regime. It is claimed, that the object in the years before the periapse (i.e., the closest approach to Sgr A*) already starts to dissolve due to the gravitational force of the black hole. Because of that, a tail is detected that follows the object towards Sgr A*. It is expected, that the 'head' and the 'tail' cause a firework-like event that leads to a bright accretion behavior of Sgr A*. In the observations that take place after May 2014, the emitted and prominent Br-gamma line is observed in the blue-shifted wavelength domain. This indicates that the source passed the supermassive black hole Sgr A*. Furthermore, the object is still intact after the periapse. In this work, a detailed and extensive analysis of the SINFONI data between 2006 and 2015 with a spatial pixel scale of 0".025 and a corresponding field of view of 0".8x0".8 per single data cube with the focus on the DSO is presented. In detail, the position of the DSO in the Br-gamma linemaps is compared to the position of the DSO in the Lucy-Richardson algorithm de- and re-convolved images. The K-band magnitude, as well as the flux from these images, are extracted. The derived orbit is based on the analyzed 10-year survey. Using the position and the velocity of the DSO from the data-cubes, position-velocity diagrams for every year between 2006 and 2015 are presented. Many authors believe that the object is rather a gas cloud than a dust embedded young stellar object. The question, why this topic raises such a controversial point of view, is discussed in this work. Also, the final answer about the nature of the DSO is given. For the analysis, the standard reduction procedure with the SINFONI and EsoRex pipeline is used. Because of not satisfying results, post-data corrections are applied in order to establish various calibration procedures. For the low-pass filtered images, the Lucy-Richardson deconvolution algorithm is applied to K-band images of the Galactic center region around Sgr A*. The analysis shows that the DSO can, without any confusion, be identified in the Br-gamma linemaps between 2006 and 2015. It can also be traced as a compact source in the deconvolved K-band images in every epoch from 2006 to 2015. A comparison between stacked K-band and Lucy-Richardson images show the robustness of the procedure. The derived position-velocity diagrams underline the compact nature of the DSO. These extensive analysis methods reveal a new source that is called OS1. It follows the DSO on a similar orbit around Sgr A* and can explain the claimed tail emission of the DSO. The magnitude and flux extraction show that neither a brightening nor an increase in flux density of the infrared excess source takes place before or after the pericenter passage. The fact that the DSO can be observed in the near-infrared SINFONI data as a compact source between 2006 and 2015 indicates a stellar origin of the object. It is highly unlikely that a non-stellar object, for example, a gas cloud, could survive the pericenter passage of a supermassive black hole and stay compact on a Keplerian orbit especially after the flyby event in 2014. A stretching that leads to the creation of a tail in the epochs before the periapse cannot be confirmed by judging the results in the linemaps, the low-pass filtered continuum images of the GC, or in the position-velocity diagrams.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||||||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-85102 | ||||||||||||||||||
Date: | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||||||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||||||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Physics > Institute of Physics I | ||||||||||||||||||
Subjects: | Natural sciences and mathematics Physics |
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Date of oral exam: | 22 June 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/8510 |
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