Schmidt, Elena ORCID: 0000-0003-0829-1423 (2018). Long noncoding RNA H19 protects from dietary obesity by promoting brown adipose tissue commitment and function. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
In light of the continuously rising number of patients suffering from obesity or its closely related, often life-threatening, diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, the development of novel preventative or therapeutic measures is of utmost importance. Increasing brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis in mice and humans improves metabolic health. Therefore, understanding and controlling BAT function is of great interest for novel approaches to counteract obesity. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) emerged as potential targets for novel therapies due to their diverse functions, and tissue-specific effects, in the regulation of metabolic processes. However, the role of lncRNAs during BAT differentiation and function is not yet understood. To explore this, we performed RNA-Sequencing and identified the maternally expressed lncRNA H19 which was increased upon cold-mediated BAT activation and decreased upon chronic diet-induced obesity BAT dysfunction. Inverse correlations of hH19 with Body-Mass-Index were also observed in a human cohort. We showed that H19 overexpression promoted adipogenesis, oxidative metabolism, and mitochondrial respiration in brown but not white adipocytes whilst the silencing of H19 impaired these processes. In vivo, H19 overexpression protected against diet-induced-obesity, improved energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, and mitochondrial biogenesis whereas the ablation of H19 in fat sensitized towards high-fat diet (HFD) weight gains. Strikingly, paternally expressed genes (PEGs) were largely absent from BAT and we demonstrated, by performing Capture hybridization analysis of RNA targets coupled to Mass Spectrometry, that H19 recruits PEG-inactivating H19-MBD1 complexes and potentially acts as BAT-selective ‘PEG gatekeeper’. Taken together, the results presented in this work reveal a novel function for the maternally expressed lncRNA H19 as a BAT-regulatory lncRNA regulating BAT differentiation and function, thereby protecting from diet-induced obesity. Moreover, the results show how monoallelic gene expression affects metabolic homeostasis in both rodent models and, potentially, in human patients. Future studies will uncover the molecular mechanisms of how H19 affects its molecular targets in more detail.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-89997 | ||||||||||
Date: | 2018 | ||||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||||
Divisions: | Außeruniversitäre Forschungseinrichtungen > MPI for Metabolism Research | ||||||||||
Subjects: | Natural sciences and mathematics Life sciences Medical sciences Medicine |
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Date of oral exam: | 29 October 2018 | ||||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/8999 |
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