Pavleno, E. A. ORCID: 0000-0003-0293-052X
(2024).
Functional characterization of PRC2 dimerization on chromatin and structural analyses of AIFM1 interaction with binding partners MIA40 and AK2.
PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) and Apoptosis-Inducing Factor Mitochondrial 1 (AIFM1) are critical regulators of cellular processes, yet aspects of their molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This thesis explores two distinct aspects of these proteins to advance our understanding of epigenetic and mitochondrial regulation. The first part examines the functional significance of PRC2 automethylation and dimerization on chromatin. PRC2 is an essential epigenetic regulator that catalyzes mono-, di-, and trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27me1/me2/me3), with H3K27me3 being crucial for transcriptional silencing, embryonic development and cellular differentiation. The methyltransferase activity required for H3K27me3 deposition depends on allosteric activation through methyl-lysine binding to the regulatory subunit EED. Recent findings suggest that automethylation of the catalytic subunit, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), enhances PRC2 activity, although the mechanism has been unclear. Based on structural insights from cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), a novel mechanism was proposed in which automethylation promotes dimerization of PRC2 on chromatin, thereby targeting the well-known activating mechanism via the regulatory subunit EED. Through a combination of biochemical assays and transcriptomic approaches, this study investigates the role of PRC2 dimerization and automethylation in regulating enzymatic function and the specific mechanism in vitro and in a cellular context. This discovery of automethylation-coupled dimerization offers new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of chromatin-modifying complexes, revealing a novel layer of PRC2 activation. The second part of this thesis explores the structural dynamics of AIFM1, a multifunctional mitochondrial flavoprotein. While AIFM1 is traditionally linked to caspase-independent apoptosis, recent studies highlight its role in the mitochondrial disulfide relay import pathway, where it facilitates protein import and directly interacts with Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space Import and Assembly Protein 40 (MIA40). Additionally, adenylate kinase 2 (AK2), an essential enzyme in adenine nucleotide metabolism and a substrate of the disulfide relay pathway, was identified as an interaction partner of AIFM1. However, the precise mechanisms and functional consequences of these interactions remain to be fully elucidated. Using cryo-EM, this study investigates how interactions of MIA40 and AK2 with AIFM1 influence the conformational state, stability and function. The findings provide insights into the structural basis of these interactions and their implications for mitochondrial function. Together, these findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating PRC2 and AIFM1, contributing to our understanding of epigenetic regulation and mitochondrial function.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-788972 | ||||||||||
Date: | 2024 | ||||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||||
Divisions: | Zentrum für Molekulare Medizin | ||||||||||
Subjects: | Chemistry and allied sciences Life sciences |
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Date of oral exam: | 14 March 2025 | ||||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/78897 |
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