Universität zu Köln

Duran, Ibrahim ORCID: 0000-0003-4044-8822, Schafmeyer, Leonie ORCID: 0000-0001-6704-7266, Lentzen, Bruno ORCID: 0009-0000-5468-9622, Spiess, Karoline, Keller, Titus ORCID: 0000-0001-6076-3438, Martakis, Kyriakos ORCID: 0000-0003-3982-0914 and Schoenau, Eckhard ORCID: 0009-0009-5484-9185 (2026). Longitudinal reference centiles for the Gross Motor Function Measure‐66 in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 68 (2). pp. 218-226. Wiley. ISSN 0012-1622

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Abstract

Aim: To establish novel longitudinal reference values for the Gross Motor Function Measure-66 (GMFM-66) in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy aged 3 to 18 years, to enable more accurate assessments of changes in motor function. Method: This was a single-centre retrospective analysis of patients who participated in a rehabilitation programme between January 2006 and March 2022. The GMFM- 66 was used to measure gross motor function. Paired GMFM- 66 measurements from the follow-up phase of the rehabilitation programme were used to establish a reference centile for the change in GMFM-66 over a 6-month period using the lambda–mu–sigma method. Results: Reference centiles for GMFM-66 changes (over a 6-month period; ±1 month) were created using 1190 longitudinal data pairs of GMFM-66 measurements (mean age 8 years 4 months [standard deviation 7 years 11 months] at start of follow-up), Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I to V. The z-scores for GMFM-66 change of a validation dataset by the new tool and the previously described method to quantify a change in GMFM-66 by individual effect size were highly correlated (Pearson's rank correlation coefficient 0.981 [95% confidence interval 0.979–0.984], p < 0.001) Interpretation: The new reference values showed a high correlation with the previ- ously published reference values, which were limited to an age range of 3 to 12 years. The new reference values can be applied from an age of 3 to 18 years. This facilitates the evaluation of medical treatment after a 6-month period also for children with cerebral palsy who are older than 12 years.

Item Type:	Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Duran, Ibrahim UNSPECIFIED https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4044-8822 UNSPECIFIED Schafmeyer, Leonie UNSPECIFIED https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6704-7266 UNSPECIFIED Lentzen, Bruno UNSPECIFIED https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5468-9622 UNSPECIFIED Spiess, Karoline UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Keller, Titus UNSPECIFIED https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6076-3438 UNSPECIFIED Martakis, Kyriakos UNSPECIFIED https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3982-0914 UNSPECIFIED Schoenau, Eckhard UNSPECIFIED https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5484-9185 UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-803123
Identification Number:	10.1111/dmcn.16455
Journal or Publication Title:	Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology
Volume:	68
Number:	2
Page Range:	pp. 218-226
Number of Pages:	9
Date:	5 February 2026
Publisher:	Wiley
ISSN:	0012-1622
Language:	English
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine
Divisions:	Faculty of Medicine > Kinder- und Jugendmedizin > Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin Faculty of Medicine > Medizinsoziologie, Versorgungsforschung und Rehabilitationswissenschaft
Subjects:	Medical sciences Medicine
['eprint_fieldname_oa_funders' not defined]:	Publikationsfonds UzK
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/80312