Universität zu Köln

Schoppmeier, Christoph Matthias ORCID: 0000-0002-3269-8920, Liebermann, Anja ORCID: 0000-0002-1385-2195 and Janson, Malin ORCID: 0009-0006-6486-6825 (2026). In vitro evaluation of discoloration and surface alteration in self-adhesive resin cements using CIELAB and 3D profilometry. Dental and Medical Problems (2). pp. 385-396. Wroclaw Medical University Press. ISSN 1644-387X

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Abstract

Background: Self-adhesive resin cements (SARCs) are widely used in the field of restorative dentistry due to their simplified application and adequate bonding properties. However, their long-term color and surface stability, particularly under the influence of pigment-rich dietary substances, remain a critical concern in aesthetic restorations. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the color stability and surface roughness of 4 contemporary SARCs after immersion in various staining media using digital photography. Material and methods: A total of 160 disc-shaped specimens (n = 40 per group) were fabricated from 4 SARCs: Maxcem Elite™ (MXC); G-CEM ONE™ (GCO); SpeedCEM® Plus (SPC); and RelyX™ Universal (RLX). The specimens were immersed in artificial saliva, coffee, red wine, or matcha tea at 37°C for 0 (T0), 7 (T1), 14 (T2), 21 (T3), and 28 (T4) days. Color changes (ΔE₀₀) were measured, and surface roughness parameters were evaluated using 3D laser scanning microscopy. The statistical analysis was performed using linear mixed models (LMMs) and Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) post hoc test (α = 0.05). Results: All materials showed visually perceptible color changes (ΔE₀₀ > 1.1). The highest discoloration and roughness values were observed in MXC, especially after exposure to red wine. RelyX™ Universal exhibited the greatest resistance to staining and surface degradation. 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)-based SARCs (MXC, GCO) were more susceptible to pigment infiltration and roughness increase than urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA)-based cements (RLX, SPC). Conclusions: The aesthetic stability of SARCs is influenced by both material composition and exposure to staining agents. Red wine caused the most severe discoloration and surface changes, followed by coffee, matcha tea and artificial saliva. Higher water sorption and surface roughness were associated with increased staining. Preserving surface integrity is essential for maintaining the long-term aesthetic performance of SARCs.

Item Type:	Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Schoppmeier, Christoph Matthias UNSPECIFIED https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3269-8920 UNSPECIFIED Liebermann, Anja UNSPECIFIED https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1385-2195 UNSPECIFIED Janson, Malin UNSPECIFIED https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6486-6825 UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-812059
Identification Number:	10.17219/dmp/205161
Journal or Publication Title:	Dental and Medical Problems
Number:	2
Page Range:	pp. 385-396
Number of Pages:	12
Date:	9 February 2026
Publisher:	Wroclaw Medical University Press
ISSN:	1644-387X
Language:	English
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine
Divisions:	Faculty of Medicine > Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde > Poliklinik für Zahnerhaltung und Parodontologie Faculty of Medicine > Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde > Poliklinik für Zahnärztliche Prothetik
Subjects:	Medical sciences Medicine
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language surface roughness ; color stability ; CIELAB ; self-adhesive resin cement ; staining media English
['eprint_fieldname_oa_funders' not defined]:	Publikationsfonds UzK
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/81205