Universität zu Köln

Schmidgen, Julia ORCID: 0000-0002-3489-9718, Heinen, Theresa ORCID: 0009-0009-6145-0586, Konrad, Kerstin ORCID: 0000-0001-9039-2615 and Bender, Stephan ORCID: 0000-0001-8199-3785 (2024). From preparation to post-processing: Insights into evoked and induced cortical activity during pre-cued motor reactions in children and adolescents. NeuroImage, 297. pp. 1-15. Elsevier. ISSN 1053-8119

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Abstract

[Artikel-Nr.: 120735] Introduction: The motor system undergoes significant development throughout childhood and adolescence. The contingent negative variation (CNV), a brain response reflecting preparation for upcoming actions, offers valuable insights into these changes. However, previous CNV studies of motor preparation have primarily focused on adults, leaving a gap in our understanding of how cortical activity related to motor planning and execution matures in children and adolescents. Methods: The study addresses this gap by investigating the maturation of motor preparation, pre-activation, and post-processing in 46 healthy, right-handed children and adolescents aged 5–16 years. To overcome the resolution limitations of previous studies, we combined 64-electrode high-density Electroencephalography (EEG) and advanced analysis techniques, such as event-related potentials (ERPs), mu-rhythm desynchronization as well as source localization approaches. The combined analyses provided an in-depth understanding of cortical activity during motor control. Results: Our data showed that children exhibited prolonged reaction times, increased errors, and a distinct pattern of cortical activation compared to adolescents. The findings suggest that the supplementary motor area (SMA) plays a progressively stronger role in motor planning and response evaluation as children age. Additionally, we observe a decrease in sensory processing and post-movement activity with development, potentially reflecting increased efficiency. Interestingly, adolescent subjects, unlike young adults in previous studies, did not yet show contralateral activation of motor areas during the motor preparation phase (late CNV). Conclusion: The progressive increase in SMA activation and distinct cortical activation patterns in younger participants suggest immature motor areas. These immature regions might be a primary cause underlying the age-related increase in motor action control efficiency. Additionally, the study demonstrates a prolonged maturation of cortical motor areas, extending well into early adulthood, challenging the assumption that motor control is fully developed by late adolescence. This research, extending fundamental knowledge of motor control development, offers valuable insights that lay the foundation for understanding and treating motor control difficulties.

Item Type:	Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Schmidgen, Julia UNSPECIFIED https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3489-9718 UNSPECIFIED Heinen, Theresa UNSPECIFIED https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6145-0586 UNSPECIFIED Konrad, Kerstin UNSPECIFIED https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9039-2615 UNSPECIFIED Bender, Stephan UNSPECIFIED https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8199-3785 UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-814302
Identification Number:	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120735
Journal or Publication Title:	NeuroImage
Volume:	297
Page Range:	pp. 1-15
Number of Pages:	15
Date:	15 August 2024
Publisher:	Elsevier
ISSN:	1053-8119
Language:	English
Faculty:	External institution Faculty of Medicine
Divisions:	Außeruniversitäre Forschungseinrichtungen > Forschungszentrum Jülich Faculty of Medicine > Kinder- und Jugendmedizin > Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin
Subjects:	Psychology Medical sciences Medicine
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language Brain development ; Motor preparation ; Contingent negative variation ; Event-related-potentials ; Event-related desynchronization English
['eprint_fieldname_oa_funders' not defined]:	Publikationsfonds UzK
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/81430