Schulze Hüynck, Jan (2019). Cysteine proteases and their inhibitors in microbe - maize root interactions. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Plants are associated with a broad spectrum of microbes and the outcome in plant-microbe interactions ranges from beneficial symbiosis to destructive diseases. Plant proteases are key regulators of plant cell processes such as seed development, immune responses, senescence and programmed cell death (PCD). Apoplastic papain like cysteine proteases (PLCPs) are hubs in plant-microbe interactions. The apoplast can be inhabited by so-called endophytic microorganisms and displays a crucial interface for the interaction between plant and microbes. So far, apoplastic maize PLCPs and their function have been mostly described for aerial plant parts. This study focused on PLCPs in the root apoplast of maize and aims to investigate whether PLCPs are involved in organ specific defense processes. A proteomics approach was used to study differences in PLCP content after salicylic acid (SA) treatment between leaf and root apoplast. This approach identified nine additional root specific PLCPs. Biochemical analysis of recombinant PLCPs revealed different substrate specificities and inhibitor affinities between these proteases. Using activity-based protein profiling (ABPP), three root-specific SA-activated PLCPs were identified. This result suggests organ-specific involvement of single PLCPs in SA-associated defense responses. We hypothesise that PLCPs are involved in the first steps of plant defense and need to be overcome by endophytes to develop a mutualistic interaction with the host plant. To address this hypothesis, a screening of bacteria and fungi from maize root-endophytes able to inhibit PLCPs was performed. Four bacteria were identified that secrete inhibitors of maize PLCPs. One of these bacteria is known for its hub function to stabilize a small synthetic community of root bacteria, suggesting that PLCPs are involved in stabilizing this community. Further tests indicate that the secreted inhibiting compounds to be effector proteins. To identify these inhibitors, a blast search for putative PLCP inhibitor motifs and homologs to known PLCP inhibitors was performed. This blast search did not identify sequence homologs to known PLCP-inhibitors, but revealed putative inhibitors containing an inhibitor motif. This study characterized maize root-specific PLCPs and determined differences between SAdependent activation of PLCPs in roots and leaves, suggesting PLCPs to be involved in organ specific SA-related defense responses. Additionally, our results suggest that bacterial PLCP inhibitors play a role in plant-microbe interactions and might also be involved in shaping and stabilizing of plant associated microbe communities.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-104366 | ||||||||||||||||
Date: | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||||||||||
Divisions: | CEPLAS - Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences | ||||||||||||||||
Subjects: | Generalities, Science Natural sciences and mathematics Life sciences |
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Date of oral exam: | 25 November 2019 | ||||||||||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/10436 |
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