Perraut, K., Labadie, L., Lazareff, B., Klarmann, L., Segura-Cox, D., Benisty, M., Bouvier, J., Brandner, W., Garatti, A. Caratti O., Caselli, P., Dougados, C., Garcia, P., Garcia-Lopez, R., Kendrew, S., Koutoulaki, M., Kervella, P., Lin, C. -C., Pineda, J., Sanchez-Bermudez, J., van Dishoeck, E., Abuter, R., Amorim, A., Berger, J. -P., Bonnet, H., Buron, A., Cantalloube, F., Clenet, Y., du Foresto, V. Coude, Dexter, J., de Zeeuw, P. T., Duvert, G., Eckart, A., Eisenhauer, F., Eupen, F., Gao, F., Gendron, E., Genzel, R., Gillessen, S., Gordo, P., Grellmann, R., Haubois, X., Haussmann, F., Henning, T., Hippler, S., Horrobin, M., Hubert, Z., Jocou, L., Lacour, S., Le Bouquin, J. -B., Lena, P., Merand, A., Ott, T., Paumard, T., Perrin, G., Pfuhl, O., Rabien, S., Ray, T., Rau, C., Rousset, G., Scheithauer, S., Straub, O., Straubmeier, C., Sturm, E., Vincent, F., Waisberg, I., Wank, I., Widmann, F., Wieprecht, E., Wiest, M., Wiezorrek, E., Woillez, J. and Yazici, S. (2019). The GRAVITY Young Stellar Object survey I. Probing the disks of Herbig Ae/Be stars in terrestrial orbits. Astron. Astrophys., 632. LES ULIS CEDEX A: EDP SCIENCES S A. ISSN 1432-0746

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Abstract

Context. The formation and the evolution of protoplanetary disks are important stages in the lifetime of stars. Terrestrial planets form or migrate within the innermost regions of these protoplanetary disks and so, the processes of disk evolution and planet formation are intrinsically linked. Studies of the dust distribution, composition, and evolution of these regions are crucial to understanding planet formation. Aims. We built a homogeneous observational dataset of Herbig Ae/Be disks with the aim of spatially resolving the sub au-scale region to gain a statistical understanding of their morphological and compositional properties, in addition to looking for correlations with stellar parameters, such as luminosity, mass, and age. Methods. We observed 27 Herbig Ae/Be stars with the GRAVITY instrument installed at the combined focus of the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) and operating in the near-infrared K-band, focused on the K-band thermal continuum, which corresponds to stellar flux reprocessed by the dust grains. Our sample covers a large range of effective temperatures, luminosities, masses, and ages for the intermediate-mass star population. The circumstellar disks in our sample also cover a range of various properties in terms of reprocessed flux, flared or flat morphology, and gaps. We developed semi-physical geometrical models to fit our interferometric data. Results. Our best-fit models correspond to smooth and wide rings that support previous findings in the H-band, implying that wedgeshaped rims at the dust sublimation edge are favored. The measured closure phases are generally non-null with a median value of similar to 10 degrees, indicating spatial asymmetries of the intensity distributions. Multi-size grain populations could explain the closure phase ranges below 20-25 degrees but other scenarios should be invoked to explain the largest ones. Our measurements extend the Radius-Luminosity relation to similar to 10(4) L-circle dot luminosity values and confirm the significant spread around the mean relation observed by PIONIER in the H-band. Gapped sources exhibit a large N-to-K band size ratio and large values of this ratio are only observed for the members of our sample that would be older than 1 Ma, less massive, and with lower luminosity. In the mass range of 2 M-circle dot, we do observe a correlation in the increase of the relative age with the transition from group II to group I, and an increase of the N-to-K size ratio. However, the size of the current sample does not yet permit us to invoke a clear, universal evolution mechanism across the Herbig Ae/Be mass range. The measured locations of the K-band emission in our sample suggest that these disks might be structured by forming young planets, rather than by depletion due to EUV, FUV, and X-ray photo-evaporation.

Item Type: Journal Article
Creators:
CreatorsEmailORCIDORCID Put Code
Perraut, K.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Labadie, L.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lazareff, B.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Klarmann, L.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Segura-Cox, D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Benisty, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Bouvier, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Brandner, W.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Garatti, A. Caratti O.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Caselli, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Dougados, C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Garcia, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Garcia-Lopez, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kendrew, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Koutoulaki, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kervella, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lin, C. -C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Pineda, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Sanchez-Bermudez, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
van Dishoeck, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Abuter, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Amorim, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Berger, J. -P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Bonnet, H.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Buron, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Cantalloube, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Clenet, Y.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
du Foresto, V. CoudeUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Dexter, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
de Zeeuw, P. T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Duvert, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Eckart, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Eisenhauer, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Eupen, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gao, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gendron, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Genzel, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gillessen, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gordo, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Grellmann, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Haubois, X.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Haussmann, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Henning, T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hippler, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Horrobin, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hubert, Z.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Jocou, L.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lacour, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Le Bouquin, J. -B.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lena, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Merand, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Ott, T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Paumard, T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Perrin, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Pfuhl, O.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Rabien, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Ray, T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Rau, C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Rousset, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Scheithauer, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Straub, O.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Straubmeier, C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Sturm, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Vincent, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Waisberg, I.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Wank, I.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Widmann, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Wieprecht, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Wiest, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Wiezorrek, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Woillez, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Yazici, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
URN: urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-126987
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201936403
Journal or Publication Title: Astron. Astrophys.
Volume: 632
Date: 2019
Publisher: EDP SCIENCES S A
Place of Publication: LES ULIS CEDEX A
ISSN: 1432-0746
Language: English
Faculty: Unspecified
Divisions: Unspecified
Subjects: no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:
KeywordsLanguage
SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; INNER REGIONS; DUST; EVOLUTION; LUMINOSITY; RADIUS; RIMMultiple languages
Astronomy & AstrophysicsMultiple languages
Refereed: Yes
URI: http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/12698

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