Bartsch, Michael (2005). Gene expression profiling leading to identification of essential components in EDS1/PAD4-regulated plant defence. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Plants possess multiple mechanisms to detect pathogen attack and protect themselves against colonisation. The antagonistic interplay of positive and negative regulators allows the plant to spacially and temporarily control defence responses. EDS1 (Enhanced Disease Susceptibility1) and PAD4 (Phytoalexin Deficient4) encode lipase-like proteins that positively regulate plant basal resistance to virulent pathogens. Additionally, EDS1 and PAD4 are recruited by resistance (R) genes of the TIR-NBS-LRR but not of the CC-NBS-LRR type in R gene-mediated resistance. Previous experiments demonstrated that EDS1 and PAD4 are required for accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), a phenolic signal in defence to biotrophic pathogens. Recent findings suggest that EDS1 and PAD4 promote defence also independently of SA. This as yet uncharacterised EDS1/PAD4-controlled pathway is important for full expression of local R gene-triggered and basal resistance as well as for systemic immunity. To identify components involved specifically in EDS1/PAD4-controlled signalling, transcriptional profiles of Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type, eds1 and pad4 mutant plants were examined during early R gene-mediated defence using whole-genome oligonucleotide microarrays. In wild-type, the inoculation with strains of the bacterial plant pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, expressing either avrRpm1 (avr1; recognised by a CC-NBS-LRR-type R protein) or avrRps4 (avr4; recognised by a TIR-NBS-LRR-type R protein) triggered transcriptional changes in a similar set of genes but with different kinetics. Sets of genes with EDS1- and PAD4-dependent expression in healthy, avr1- or avr4-challenged leaves were identified. For a subset of these genes, corresponding insertional mutants were isolated and tested for alterations in pathogen resistance. The mutant screen resulted in the identification of a flavin-dependent monooxygenase (FMO) as a positive regulator and two sequence-related NUDIX (nucleoside diphosphates linked to some other moiety x) hydrolases as negative regulators of plant disease resistance. This study demonstrates for the first time that FMOs and NUDIX hydrolases can modulate host defence responses against pathogens in any biological system. The findings presented here support the view that EDS1 and PAD4 control the expression of both positive and negative regulators as a mean to fine-tune plant immune responses.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-16012 | ||||||||
Date: | 2005 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Biology > Institute for Genetics | ||||||||
Subjects: | Life sciences | ||||||||
Date of oral exam: | 3 July 2005 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/1601 |
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