Rybakin, Vasily (2005). Characterization of Crn7, a novel mammalian Golgi protein. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Coronins constitute an evolutionarily conserved family of WD-repeat actin-binding proteins, which can be clearly classified into two distinct groups based on their structural features. All coronins possess a conserved basic N-terminal motif and three to ten WD repeats clustered in one or two core domains. Dictyostelium and mammalian coronins are important regulators of the actin cytoskeleton, while the fly Dpod1 and the yeast coronin proteins crosslink both actin and microtubules. Apart from that, several coronins have been shown to be involved in vesicular transport. C. elegans POD-1 and Drosophila coro regulate the actin cytoskeleton, but also govern vesicular trafficking as indicated by mutant phenotypes. In both organisms, defects in cytoskeleton and trafficking lead to severe developmental defects ranging from abnormal cell division to aberrant formation of morphogen gradients. Crn7 is a ubiquitous mammalian coronin family member. The protein is distributed between the cytosol and Golgi, where it is present at the outer side of the membrane. Golgi localization of Crn7 depends on tyrosine phosphorylation and the integrity of ER-to-Golgi transport. The protein intimately associates with the Golgi membrane and does not require coatomer for its localization. Crn7 is an essential protein, as its knockdown by RNAi leads to a dramatic time- and concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability. Crn7 RNAi cells display scattered Golgi morphology, as demonstrated by electron and light microscopy. Most importantly, the knockdown leads to the block of protein export from the Golgi complex, while the import into the organelle, both anterograde and retrograde, remains unaffected. Further, I established that Crn7 interacts with AP-1 adaptor protein complex participating in the Golgi export by linking cargoes to the clathrin coat. The Golgi complex is the central protein sorting organelle in eukaryotic cells. The Golgi architecture varies significantly between species and cell types, but the organelle executes principally the same function. Upon the cargo protein entry from the endoplasmic reticulum, resident Golgi enzymes modify the cargo in a way that proteins destined to take different transport routes can be biochemically distinguished between and selectively recruited to the corresponding export carriers. We suggest that Golgi-localized Crn7 can function by regulating the cargo export from the Golgi, and thus affect protein sorting and trafficking along the biosynthetic pathway. We anticipate that Crn7 is recruited to the Golgi membranes by cytosolic portions of non-YxxPhi cargoes and cargo proteins, and interacts with AP-1 to allow the Golgi export of such cargoes/receptors.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-16041 | ||||||||
Date: | 2005 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Medicine > Biochemie > Institut I für Biochemie | ||||||||
Subjects: | Life sciences | ||||||||
Date of oral exam: | 1 December 2005 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/1604 |
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