Ilarionova, Evgeniya Valentinova (2006). Molecular Genetic and Functional Characterization of candidate loci for controlling quantitative resistance to the oomycete Phytophthora infestans. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Late blight is the most devastating potato disease worldwide caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans. Lots of breeding efforts are devoted to improve the field resistance to late blight of potato cultivars. Appearance of new pathotypes of P. infestans and the quantitative phenotype of field resistance make the conventional breeding process difficult. The genetics of inheritance of quantitative resistance is not yet fully understood. Marker assisted selection could help to solve the problem to reliably discriminate resistant from susceptible cultivars. The first part of the thesis was focused on identifying genomic regions responsible for resistance to late blight in two new, independent, tetraploid F1 families �SaKa-Ragis� and �BNA�. DNA markers known from previous studies to be linked to resistance loci in the potato genome were tested in the two families, which had been field evaluated in years 2001 and 2002 for late blight resistance and showed normal distribution of the resistance phenotype, indicating polygenic inheritance in both populations. A �cases� and �controls� study was performed. The �cases� were 23 highly resistant and the �controls� were 23 highly susceptible individuals selected from each F1 family. Both populations were genotyped using SNP, CAPS, SSCP and SCAR markers. Markers significantly linked to QTL (quantitative trait locus) for resistance to P. infestans were found on chromosomes II, IV and V in the �BNA� population and on chromosome X in the �SaKa-Ragis� population. The QTL on chromosome X was further characterized by increasing the marker coverage and SNP haplotype construction for CP105, the most significant marker locus. The second part of the thesis was focused on the most significant and reproducible known QTL for resistance to P. infestans on potato chromosome V. This QTL is part of a hot spot for resistance to pathogens in the potato genome (Gebhardt and Valkonen 2001). A major QTL for plant maturity maps to the same genomic region. A genomic region of about 400 kbp including the R1 gene for resistance to P. infestans has been sequenced to identify positional candidate genes besides the R1 gene family (Ballvora et al. 2002). Two contigs have been assembled, one for the �resistant� homologous chromosome with an introgression from the wild potato species Solanum demissum and the other from the �susceptible� allele (Ballvora et al., in preparation). The two contigs were subjected to Gene Mark- gene prediction software resulting in the annotation of 49 ORFs (open reading frames). Based on putative function assignment, 24 of 49 ORFs were selected for further characterization. The expression of the 24 selected ORFs was analyzed by RT-PCR in cDNAs from leaves uninfected and infected with P. infestans, of two diploid potato genotypes, which were the parents of a population showing a major QTL effect on chromosome V but lacked the R1-gene. For 8 ORFs expression was undetectable in leaves. Four genes were up-regulated upon P. infestans infection. The remaining 12 genes were equally expressed in both infected and uninfected leaves, in different intensities. Furthermore, a genetic approach was pursued for the same QTL on chromosome V in order to narrow down genetically the genomic region in which the gene/genes for resistance to P. infestans and maturity are localized. For this objective, 32 highly resistant and late maturing tetraploid cultivars and 33 highly susceptible and early maturing cultivars were selected. The amplicons at six loci on potato chromosome V were sequenced in the 65 cultivars and analyzed for SNPs. At least one SNP in all six loci were significantly associated with maturity and resistance to P. infestans, suggesting extended linkage disequilibrium in a genetic region of about 8 cM on potato chromosome V.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-16656 | ||||||||
Date: | 2006 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Außeruniversitäre Forschungseinrichtungen > MPI for Plant Breeding Research | ||||||||
Subjects: | Life sciences | ||||||||
Date of oral exam: | 8 January 2006 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/1665 |
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