Hirano, Teruyuki, Dai, Fei, Gandolfi, Davide ORCID: 0000-0001-8627-9628, Fukui, Akihiko ORCID: 0000-0002-4909-5763, Livingston, John H., Miyakawa, Kohei, Endl, Michael, Cochran, William D., Alonso-Floriano, Francisco J., Kuzuhara, Masayuki, Montes, David ORCID: 0000-0002-7779-238X, Ryu, Tsuguru, Albrecht, Simon, Barragan, Oscar ORCID: 0000-0003-0563-0493, Cabrera, Juan ORCID: 0000-0001-6653-5487, Csizmadia, Szilard, Deeg, Hans ORCID: 0000-0003-0047-4241, Eigmueller, Philipp, Erikson, Anders, Fridlund, Malcolm ORCID: 0000-0002-0855-8426, Grziwa, Sascha, Guenther, Eike W., Hatzes, Artie P., Korth, Judith ORCID: 0000-0002-0076-6239, Kudo, Tomoyuki, Kusakabe, Nobuhiko ORCID: 0000-0001-9194-1268, Narita, Norio, Nespral, David, Nowak, Grzegorz, Paetzold, Martin, Palle, Enric, Persson, Carina M., Prieto-Arranz, Jorge, Rauer, Heike, Ribas, Ignasi ORCID: 0000-0002-6689-0312, Sato, Bun'ei, Smith, Alexis M. S., Tamura, Motohide, Tanaka, Yusuke, Van Eylen, Vincent ORCID: 0000-0001-5542-8870 and Winn, Joshua N. (2018). Exoplanets around Low-mass Stars Unveiled by K2. Astron. J., 155 (3). BRISTOL: IOP PUBLISHING LTD. ISSN 1538-3881

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Abstract

We present the detection and follow-up observations of planetary candidates around low-mass stars observed by the K2 mission. Based on light-curve analysis, adaptive-optics imaging, and optical spectroscopy at low and high resolution (including radial velocity measurements), we validate 16 planets around 12 low-mass stars observed during K2 campaigns 5-10. Among the 16 planets, 12 are newly validated, with orbital periods ranging from 0.96 to 33 days. For one of the planets (K2-151b), we present ground-based transit photometry, allowing us to refine the ephemerides. Combining our K2 M-dwarf planets together with the validated or confirmed planets found previously, we investigate the dependence of planet radius R-p on stellar insolation and metallicity [Fe/H]. We confirm that for periods P less than or similar to 2 days, planets with a radius R-p greater than or similar to 2 R-circle plus are less common than planets with a radius between 1-2 R-circle plus. We also see a hint of the radius valley between 1.5 and 2 R-circle plus, which has been seen for close-in planets around FGK stars. These features in the radius/period distribution could be attributed to photoevaporation of planetary envelopes by high-energy photons from the host star, as they have for FGK stars. For the M dwarfs, though, the features are not as well defined, and we cannot rule out other explanations such as atmospheric loss from internal planetary heat sources or truncation of the protoplanetary disk. There also appears to be a relation between planet size and metallicity: the few planets larger than about 3 R-circle plus are found around the most metal-rich M dwarfs.

Item Type: Journal Article
Creators:
CreatorsEmailORCIDORCID Put Code
Hirano, TeruyukiUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Dai, FeiUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gandolfi, DavideUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0001-8627-9628UNSPECIFIED
Fukui, AkihikoUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0002-4909-5763UNSPECIFIED
Livingston, John H.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Miyakawa, KoheiUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Endl, MichaelUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Cochran, William D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Alonso-Floriano, Francisco J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kuzuhara, MasayukiUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Montes, DavidUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0002-7779-238XUNSPECIFIED
Ryu, TsuguruUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Albrecht, SimonUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Barragan, OscarUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0003-0563-0493UNSPECIFIED
Cabrera, JuanUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0001-6653-5487UNSPECIFIED
Csizmadia, SzilardUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Deeg, HansUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0003-0047-4241UNSPECIFIED
Eigmueller, PhilippUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Erikson, AndersUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Fridlund, MalcolmUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0002-0855-8426UNSPECIFIED
Grziwa, SaschaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Guenther, Eike W.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hatzes, Artie P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Korth, JudithUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0002-0076-6239UNSPECIFIED
Kudo, TomoyukiUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kusakabe, NobuhikoUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0001-9194-1268UNSPECIFIED
Narita, NorioUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Nespral, DavidUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Nowak, GrzegorzUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Paetzold, MartinUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Palle, EnricUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Persson, Carina M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Prieto-Arranz, JorgeUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Rauer, HeikeUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Ribas, IgnasiUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0002-6689-0312UNSPECIFIED
Sato, Bun'eiUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Smith, Alexis M. S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Tamura, MotohideUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Tanaka, YusukeUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Van Eylen, VincentUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0001-5542-8870UNSPECIFIED
Winn, Joshua N.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
URN: urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-193148
DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/aaa9c1
Journal or Publication Title: Astron. J.
Volume: 155
Number: 3
Date: 2018
Publisher: IOP PUBLISHING LTD
Place of Publication: BRISTOL
ISSN: 1538-3881
Language: English
Faculty: Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Divisions: Externe Einrichtungen > An-Institute > Associated Institutes of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Rhenish Institute for Environmental Research - RIU
Subjects: no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:
KeywordsLanguage
SUPER-EARTH; PLANETARY SYSTEMS; METALLICITY PLANE; SUBARU TELESCOPE; EXO-NEPTUNES; LIGHT CURVES; HOST STARS; STELLAR; SPECTROGRAPH; PARAMETERSMultiple languages
Astronomy & AstrophysicsMultiple languages
Refereed: Yes
URI: http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/19314

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