Universität zu Köln

Heycke, Tobias ORCID: 0000-0001-6358-6713, Aust, Frederik ORCID: 0000-0003-4900-788X and Stahl, Christoph (2017). Subliminal influence on preferences? A test of evaluative conditioning for brief visual conditioned stimuli using auditory unconditioned stimuli. R. Soc. Open Sci., 4 (9). LONDON: ROYAL SOC. ISSN 2054-5703

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Abstract

In the field of evaluative conditioning (EC), two opposing theories-propositional single-process theory versus dualprocess theory-are currently being discussed in the literature. The present set of experiments test a crucial prediction to adjudicate between these two theories: Dual-process theory postulates that evaluative conditioning can occur without awareness of the contingency between conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US); in contrast, singleprocess propositional theory postulates that EC requires CS-US contingency awareness. In a set of three studies, we experimentally manipulate contingency awareness by presenting the CSs very briefly, thereby rendering it unlikely to be processed consciously. We address potential issues with previous studies on EC with subliminal or near-threshold CSs that limited their interpretation. Across two experiments, we consistently found an EC effect for CSs presented for 1000 ms and consistently failed to find an EC effect for briefly presented CSs. In a third pre-registered experiment, we again found evidence for an EC effect with CSs presented for 1000 ms, and we found some indication for an EC effect for CSs presented for 20ms.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Heycke, Tobias UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0001-6358-6713 UNSPECIFIED Aust, Frederik UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0003-4900-788X UNSPECIFIED Stahl, Christoph UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-218548
DOI:	10.1098/rsos.160935
Journal or Publication Title:	R. Soc. Open Sci.
Volume:	4
Number:	9
Date:	2017
Publisher:	ROYAL SOC
Place of Publication:	LONDON
ISSN:	2054-5703
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language PHASIC AFFECTIVE MODULATION; ATTITUDE FORMATION; CONTINGENCY AWARENESS; IMPLICIT; US; EXPLICIT; VALENCE; MUSIC Multiple languages Multidisciplinary Sciences Multiple languages
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/21854