Universität zu Köln

Wennrich, Volker ORCID: 0000-0003-3617-1963, Andreev, Andrei A., Tarasov, Pavel E., Fedorov, Grigory ORCID: 0000-0003-2269-4501, Zhao, Wenwei, Gebhardt, Catalina A., Meyer-Jacob, Carsten ORCID: 0000-0002-8208-496X, Snyder, Jeffrey A., Nowaczyk, Norbert R., Schwamborn, Georg, Chapligin, Bernhard, Anderson, Patricia M., Lozhkin, Anatoly V., Minyuk, Pavel S., Koeberl, Christian and Melles, Martin ORCID: 0000-0003-0977-9463 (2016). Impact processes, permafrost dynamics, and climate and environmental variability in the terrestrial Arctic as inferred from the unique 3.6 Myr record of Lake El'gygytgyn, Far East Russia - A review. Quat. Sci. Rev., 147. S. 221 - 245. OXFORD: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. ISSN 0277-3791

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Abstract

Lake El'gygytgyn in Far East Russia is a 3.6 Myr old impact crater lake. Located in an area that has never been affected by Cenozoic glaciations nor desiccation, the unique sediment record of the lake represents the longest continuous sediment archive of the terrestrial Arctic. The surrounding crater is the only impact structure on Earth developed in mostly acid volcanic rocks. Recent studies on the impactite, permafrost, and sediment sequences recovered within the framework of the ICDP El'gygytgyn Drilling Project and multiple pre-site surveys yielded new insight into the bedrock origin and cratering processes as well as permafrost dynamics and the climate and environmental history of the terrestrial Arctic back to the mid-Pliocene. Results from the impact rock section recovered during the deep drilling clearly confirm the impact genesis of the El'gygytgyn crater, but indicate an only very reduced fallback impactite sequence without larger coherent melt bodies. Isotope and element data of impact melt samples indicate a F-type asteroid of mixed composition or an ordinary chondrite as the likely impactor. The impact event caused a long-lasting hydrothermal activity in the crater that is assumed to have persisted for c. 300 kyr. Geochemical and microbial analyses of the permafrost core indicate a subaquatic formation of the lower part during lake-level highstand, but a subaerial genesis of the upper part after a lake-level drop after the Allerod. The isotope signal and ion compositions of ground ice is overprinted by several thaw freeze cycles due to variations in the talik underneath the lake. Modeling results suggest a modern permafrost thickness in the crater of c. 340 m, and further confirm a pervasive character of the talik below Lake El'gygytgyn. The lake sediment sequences shed new leight into the Pliocene and Pleistocene climate and environmental evolution of the Arctic. During the mid-Pliocene, significantly warmer and wetter climatic conditions in western Beringia than today enabled dense boreal forests to grow around Lake Ergygytgyn and, in combination with a higher nutrient flux into the lake, promoted primary production. The exceptional warmth during the mid-Pliocene is in accordance with other marine and terrestrial records from the Arctic and indicates a period of enhanced Arctic amplification. The favourable conditions during the mid-Pliocene were repeatedly interrupted by climate deteriorations, e.g., during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) M2, when pollen data and sediment proxies indicate a major cooling and the onset of local permafrost around the lake. A gradual vegetation change after c. 3.0 Ma points to the onset of a long-term cooling trend during the Late Pliocene that culminated in major temperature drops, first during MIS G6, and later during MIS 104. These cold events coincide with the onset of an intensified Northern Hemisphere (NH) glaciation and the largest extent of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet, respectively. After the Pliocene/Pleistocene transition, local vegetation and primary production in Lake El'gygtygyn experienced a major change from relatively uniform conditions to a high-amplitude glacial-to-interglacial cyclicity that fluctuated on a dominant 41 kyr obliquity band, but changed to a 100 kyr eccentricity dominance during the Middle Pleistocene transition (MPT) at c. 1.2-0.6 Ma. Periods of exceptional warming in the Pleistocene record of Lake El'gygytgyn with dense boreal forests around and peaks of primary production in the lake are assigned to so-called super-interglacial periods. The occurrence of these super-interglacials well corresponds to collapses of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) recorded in ice-free periods in the ANDRILL core, which suggests strong intrahemispheric teleconnections presumably driven by changes in the thermocline ocean circulation. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Wennrich, Volker UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0003-3617-1963 UNSPECIFIED Andreev, Andrei A. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Tarasov, Pavel E. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Fedorov, Grigory UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0003-2269-4501 UNSPECIFIED Zhao, Wenwei UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Gebhardt, Catalina A. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Meyer-Jacob, Carsten UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-8208-496X UNSPECIFIED Snyder, Jeffrey A. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Nowaczyk, Norbert R. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Schwamborn, Georg UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Chapligin, Bernhard UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Anderson, Patricia M. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Lozhkin, Anatoly V. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Minyuk, Pavel S. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Koeberl, Christian UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Melles, Martin UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0003-0977-9463 UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-265077
DOI:	10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.03.019
Journal or Publication Title:	Quat. Sci. Rev.
Volume:	147
Page Range:	S. 221 - 245
Date:	2016
Publisher:	PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
Place of Publication:	OXFORD
ISSN:	0277-3791
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE GLACIATION; GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; DRILL CORE SAMPLES; LATE PLIOCENE; SEA-ICE; CRATER LAKE; INORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY; SURFACE TEMPERATURES; SEDIMENT RECORD; POLLEN RECORD Multiple languages Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary Multiple languages
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/26507