Könner, Anne Christine (2009). Genetic Microdissection of Insulin Action on Neurocircuits in Control of Glucose and Energy Homeostasis. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
The finding that peripheral hormones, such as insulin and leptin directly can communicate to the hypothalamus to control energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism has set the ground for detailed understanding of the neuronal circuitry underlying the control of body weight homeostasis. Recent studies have implicated that insulin-stimulated activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase signaling and the regulation of ATP-dependent potassium (KATP) channels in the hypothalamus is involved in the control of peripheral glucose metabolism. However, these experiments leave open the question of which specific neurons in these areas of the brain are responsible for mediating insulin's effect. Here, mouse models with specific inactivation of the insulin receptor in either anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC)- or orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-expressing neurons of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus are described. While neither POMC- nor AgRP-restricted insulin receptor knockout mice exhibited altered energy homeostasis, insulin failed to normally suppress hepatic glucose production during euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps in mice with an insulin receptor knockout specifically in AgRP neurons. These mice exhibited reduced insulin-stimulated hepatic interleukin-6 expression and increased hepatic expression of glucose-6-phosphatase. Additionally, insulin treatment resulted in membrane hyperpolarization and a decrease in action-potential frequency in identified hypothalamic AgRP neurons and this effect involved the activation of KATP channels, indicating that the same mechanism by which insulin acts in POMC cells also holds true for AgRP neurons. Taken together, these results directly demonstrate that insulin action in POMC and AgRP cells is not required for steady state regulation of food intake and body weight. However, insulin action specifically in AgRP-expressing neurons does play a critical role in controlling hepatic glucose production, raising the possibility that dysregulation of the insulin-AgRP pathway may contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, there is much evidence that this basic homeostatic type of regulation of energy homeostasis by the hypothalamus relies on a complex intra-hypothalamic neuronal circuitry but also can be overruled by higher brain functions influenced by the addictive value of palatable food as well as its visual and gustatory aspects. Here, analysis of mice with specific inactivation of the insulin receptor in dopaminergic cells revealed an important new role for insulin signaling in these cells in regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-30539 | ||||||||
Date: | 2009 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Biology > Institute for Genetics | ||||||||
Subjects: | Life sciences | ||||||||
Date of oral exam: | 22 October 2009 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/3053 |
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