Lagrange, A. M., Rubini, P., Nowak, M., Lacour, S., Grandjean, A., Boccaletti, A., Langlois, M., Delorme, P., Gratton, R., Wang, J., Flasseur, O., Galicher, R., Kral, Q., Meunier, N., Beust, H., Babusiaux, C., Le Coroller, H., Thebault, P., Kervella, P., Zurlo, A., Maire, A. -L., Wahhaj, Z., Amorim, A., Asensio-Torres, R., Benisty, M., Berger, J. P., Bonnefoy, M., Brandner, W., Cantalloube, F., Charnay, B., Chauvin, G., Choquet, E., Clenet, Y., Christiaens, V., Coude du Foresto, V., de Zeeuw, P. T., Desidera, S., Duvert, G., Eckart, A., Eisenhauer, F., Galland, F., Gao, F., Garcia, P., Garcia Lopez, R., Gendron, E., Genzel, R., Gillessen, S., Girard, J., Hagelberg, J., Haubois, X., Henning, T., Heissel, G., Hippler, S., Horrobin, M., Janson, M., Kammerer, J., Kenworthy, M., Keppler, M., Kreidberg, L., Lapeyrere, V., Le Bouquin, J. -B., Lena, P., Merand, A., Messina, S., Molliere, P., Monnier, J. D., Ott, T., Otten, G., Paumard, T., Paladini, C., Perraut, K., Perrin, G., Pueyo, L., Pfuhl, O., Rodet, L., Rodriguez-Coira, G., Rousset, G., Samland, M., Shangguan, J., Schmidt, T., Straub, O., Straubmeier, C., Stolker, T., Vigan, A., Vincent, F., Widmann, F. and Woillez, J. (2020). Unveiling the beta Pictoris system, coupling high contrast imaging, interferometric, and radial velocity data. Astron. Astrophys., 642. LES ULIS CEDEX A: EDP SCIENCES S A. ISSN 1432-0746

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Abstract

Context. The nearby and young beta Pictoris system hosts a well resolved disk, a directly imaged massive giant planet orbiting at similar or equal to 9 au, as well as an inner planet orbiting at similar or equal to 2.7 au, which was recently detected through radial velocity (RV). As such, it offers several unique opportunities for detailed studies of planetary system formation and early evolution.Aims. We aim to further constrain the orbital and physical properties of beta Pictoris b and c using a combination of high contrast imaging, long base-line interferometry, and RV data. We also predict the closest approaches or the transit times of both planets, and we constrain the presence of additional planets in the system.Methods. We obtained six additional epochs of SPHERE data, six additional epochs of GRAVITY data, and five additional epochs of RV data. We combined these various types of data in a single Markov-chain Monte Carlo analysis to constrain the orbital parameters and masses of the two planets simultaneously. The analysis takes into account the gravitational influence of both planets on the star and hence their relative astrometry. Secondly, we used the RV and high contrast imaging data to derive the probabilities of presence of additional planets throughout the disk, and we tested the impact of absolute astrometry.Results. The orbital properties of both planets are constrained with a semi-major axis of 9.8 0.4 au and 2.7 +/- 0.02 au for b and c, respectively, and eccentricities of 0.09 +/- 0.1 and 0.27 +/- 0.07, assuming the HIPPARCOS distance. We note that despite these low fitting error bars, the eccentricity of beta Pictoris c might still be over-estimated. If no prior is provided on the mass of beta Pictoris b, we obtain a very low value that is inconsistent with what is derived from brightness-mass models. When we set an evolutionary model motivated prior to the mass of beta Pictoris b, we find a solution in the 10-11 M-Jup range. Conversely, beta Pictoris c's mass is well constrained, at 7.8 +/- 0.4 M-Jup, assuming both planets are on coplanar orbits. These values depend on the assumptions on the distance of the beta Pictoris system. The absolute astrometry HIPPARCOS-Gaia data are consistent with the solutions presented here at the 2 sigma level, but these solutions are fully driven by the relative astrometry plus RV data. Finally, we derive unprecedented limits on the presence of additional planets in the disk. We can now exclude the presence of planets that are more massive than about 2.5 M-Jup closer than 3 au, and more massive than 3.5 M-Jup between 3 and 7.5 au. Beyond 7.5 au, we exclude the presence of planets that are more massive than 1-2 M-Jup.Conclusions. Combining relative astrometry and RVs allows one to precisely constrain the orbital parameters of both planets and to give lower limits to potential additional planets throughout the disk. The mass of beta Pictoris c is also well constrained, while additional RV data with appropriate observing strategies are required to properly constrain the mass of beta Pictoris b.

Item Type: Journal Article
Creators:
CreatorsEmailORCIDORCID Put Code
Lagrange, A. M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Rubini, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Nowak, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lacour, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Grandjean, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Boccaletti, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Langlois, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Delorme, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gratton, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Wang, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Flasseur, O.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Galicher, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kral, Q.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Meunier, N.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Beust, H.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Babusiaux, C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Le Coroller, H.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Thebault, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kervella, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Zurlo, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Maire, A. -L.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Wahhaj, Z.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Amorim, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Asensio-Torres, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Benisty, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Berger, J. P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Bonnefoy, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Brandner, W.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Cantalloube, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Charnay, B.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Chauvin, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Choquet, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Clenet, Y.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Christiaens, V.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Coude du Foresto, V.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
de Zeeuw, P. T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Desidera, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Duvert, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Eckart, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Eisenhauer, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Galland, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gao, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Garcia, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Garcia Lopez, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gendron, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Genzel, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gillessen, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Girard, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hagelberg, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Haubois, X.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Henning, T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Heissel, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hippler, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Horrobin, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Janson, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kammerer, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kenworthy, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Keppler, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kreidberg, L.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lapeyrere, V.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Le Bouquin, J. -B.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lena, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Merand, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Messina, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Molliere, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Monnier, J. D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Ott, T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Otten, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Paumard, T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Paladini, C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Perraut, K.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Perrin, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Pueyo, L.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Pfuhl, O.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Rodet, L.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Rodriguez-Coira, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Rousset, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Samland, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Shangguan, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Schmidt, T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Straub, O.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Straubmeier, C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Stolker, T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Vigan, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Vincent, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Widmann, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Woillez, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
URN: urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-315811
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202038823
Journal or Publication Title: Astron. Astrophys.
Volume: 642
Date: 2020
Publisher: EDP SCIENCES S A
Place of Publication: LES ULIS CEDEX A
ISSN: 1432-0746
Language: English
Faculty: Unspecified
Divisions: Unspecified
Subjects: no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:
KeywordsLanguage
DEBRIS DISC; BROWN DWARFS; PLANETS; HIPPARCOS; ECCENTRICITY; DESTRUCTION; EXOPLANETS; BODIES; MOTION; COMultiple languages
Astronomy & AstrophysicsMultiple languages
URI: http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/31581

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