Universität zu Köln

Lutter, Mark, Roex, Karlijn L. A. and Tisch, Dania (2020). Anomie or imitation? The Werther effect of celebrity suicides on suicide rates in 34 OECD countries, 1960-2014. Soc. Sci. Med., 246. OXFORD: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. ISSN 0277-9536

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Abstract

Anomie and imitation have been prominent mechanisms explaining the Werther effect, i.e., the effect of celebrity suicides on a general population's suicide rate. This study presents a new approach to empirically disentangle both mechanisms. Imitation theory suggests that celebrities act as role models, and that the Werther effect is triggered by the status of the celebrity in question. Anomie theory, on the other hand, suggests that the Werther effect is triggered by the unexpectedness of the event. To this end, we empirically compare the effects of celebrity suicides with the effects of celebrities who died unexpectedly from causes other than suicide (accidents, illnesses, alcohol abuse). Based on language and page-link data from 3855 Wikipedia pages of the 495 celebrities who died from suicide between 1960 and 2014, we measure the status a celebrity has in a particular country and calculate the potential country-specific imitation effect of their suicide. In the same manner, we measure the status of celebrities who died unexpectedly from accidents, illnesses, or alcohol abuse to reflect anomie-related effects. We use these measures in an ecological study based on a time-series cross-sectional dataset for 34 OECD countries to assess their effects on a country's overall annual suicide rate. Fixed-effects analyses reveal that the country-specific status of celebrity suicides is associated with significant increases in overall suicide rates, while anomie-related, unexpected celebrity deaths are not associated with the overall suicide rates. The findings remain robust across a number of alternative specifications, such as controlling for further anomic factors at the macro level (divorce or unemployment rate, for instance). We conclude that the results support the imitation mechanism as an essential social explanation for the Werther effect.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Lutter, Mark UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Roex, Karlijn L. A. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Tisch, Dania UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-346875
DOI:	10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112755
Journal or Publication Title:	Soc. Sci. Med.
Volume:	246
Date:	2020
Publisher:	PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
Place of Publication:	OXFORD
ISSN:	0277-9536
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language ECONOMIC CRISES; PUBLIC-HEALTH; UNEMPLOYMENT; BEHAVIOR; MEDIA; PANEL; ANTIDEPRESSANTS; INEQUALITY; EMPLOYMENT; AUSTERITY Multiple languages Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical Multiple languages
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/34687