Universität zu Köln

Paffendorf, Barbara A. M., Qassrawi, Rawan, Meys, Andrea M., Trimborn, Laura and Schrader, Andrea ORCID: 0000-0002-3879-7057 (2020). TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 participates in flowering time regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PeerJ, 8. LONDON: PEERJ INC. ISSN 2167-8359

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Abstract

Pleiotropic regulatory factors mediate concerted responses of the plant's trait network to endogenous and exogenous cues. TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 (TTG1) is such a factor that has been predominantly described as a regulator of early developmental traits. Although its closest homologs LIGHT-REGULATED WD1 (LWD1) and LWD2 affect photoperiodic flowering, a role of TTG1 in flowering time regulation has not been reported. Here we reveal that TTG1 is a regulator of flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana and changes transcript levels of different targets within the flowering time regulatory pathway. TTGI mutants flower early and TTG1 overexpression lines flower late at long-day conditions. Consistently, TTG1 can suppress the transcript levels of the floral integrators FLOWERING LOCUS T and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO1 and can act as an activator of circadian clock components. Moreover, TTG1 might form feedback loops at the protein level. The TTG1 protein interacts with PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR (PRR)s and basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX 92 (bHLH92) in yeast. In planta, the respective pairs exhibit interesting patterns of localization including a recruitment of TTG1 by PRR5 to subnuclear foci. This mechanism proposes additional layers of regulation by TTG1 and might aid to specify the function of bHLH92. Within another branch of the pathway, TTG1 can elevate FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) transcript levels. FLC mediates signals from the vernalization, ambient temperature and autonomous pathway and the circadian clock is pivotal for the plant to synchronize with diurnal cycles of environmental stimuli like light and temperature. Our results suggest an unexpected positioning of TTG1 upstream of FLC and upstream of the circadian clock. In this light, this points to an adaptive value of the role of TTG1 in respect to flowering time regulation.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Paffendorf, Barbara A. M. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Qassrawi, Rawan UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Meys, Andrea M. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Trimborn, Laura UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Schrader, Andrea UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-3879-7057 UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-348547
DOI:	10.7717/peerj.8303
Journal or Publication Title:	PeerJ
Volume:	8
Date:	2020
Publisher:	PEERJ INC
Place of Publication:	LONDON
ISSN:	2167-8359
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATORS; LOCUS-T; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; TRICHOME DEVELOPMENT; FLORAL TRANSITION; CIRCADIAN CLOCK; CELL FATE; IN-VIVO; CONSTANS; COMPLEX Multiple languages Multidisciplinary Sciences Multiple languages
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/34854