Kwiecinski, Monika (2011). Die Rolle der microRNA-29 während der Leberfibrogenese. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNA molecules that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression by targeting the 3´-untranslated region (3´-UTR) of mRNAs. Interaction of miRNA with the 3´-UTR results either in RNA degradation or in translational repression that affects various fundamental biological processes and different diseases. The aim of the present study was the identification of one miRNA which is involved in basic mechanisms of fibrogenesis. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) by profibrogenic growth factor stimulation leads to their transdifferentiation into activated myofibroblastic HSC. During liver fibrogenesis these activated HSC are the main cell type of matrix accumulation and profibrogenic growth factor secretion. In this doctoral thesis work, algorithms of different databases identified miR-29 as a putative repressor of the collagen transcripts Col1A1, Col1A2, Col4A1, Col4A5 as well as the profibrotic cytokines “Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A” (VEGF-A), “Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-C” (PDGF-C), and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I” (IGF-I) mRNAs. In order to demonstrate miRNA binding and translational inhibition, reporter assays were performed. Reporter luciferase plasmids containing either the putative miR-29 binding sites from the 3´-UTR sequences of the target transcripts or corresponding binding sites with two point mutations were constructed. Thus, the interaction of miR-29 with the target sequence leads to repression of the luciferase activity. Indeed, reporter assays revealed that cotransfection of miR-29 causes repression of the reporter acitvity. Additionally, miR-29 treatment of HSC resulted in repression of Col1A1, Col1A2, Col4A1, Col4A5 transcripts, and profibrotic cytokines PDGF-C and IGF-I synthesis. Furthermore, miR-29 levels were reduced in an experimental rat model with liver fibrosis after bile duct occlusion. Additionally, during myofibroblastic differentiation of primary HSC isolated from rat livers and cultured on a plastic surface to induce myofibroblastic transition, decreasing miR-29 expression level was observed. Therefore the abolished inhibition of collagen, PDGF-C and IGF-I synthesis during liver fibrogenesis can be explained by the reduced miR-29 expression in myofibroblastic HSC. Stimulation of HSC with the fibrogenic mediators, “Transforming Growth Factor-β“ (TGF-β) and “Platelet-Derived Growth Factor BB” (PDGF-BB), augmented whereas the antifibrogenic “Hepatocyte Growth Factor” (HGF) decreased the collagen type I and IV synthesis. In contrast, the influence of TGF-β and PDGF-BB induced a repression whereas HGF led to an induction of miR-29 expression. Therefore, regulation of miR-29 expression is the focus of the antagonism between TGF-β and HGF. Interestingly, the decrease of miR-29 in HSC, mediated by TGF-β and PDGF-BB, was accompanied by highly elevated levels of miR-29 in the supernatant. A secretion of vesicles from HSC after TGF-β and PDGF-BB stimulation was evidenced by negative staining. These vesicles contained high amounts of miR-29. Hence, regulation of miR-29 in HSC is suggested with an increase of extracellular miR-29a by vesicular release from HSC in vitro. Finally, for a myofibroblast-specific expression of the antifibrogenic miR-29, an adenoviral vector was created and successfully tested in activated HSC. Thus, the presented study provides a novel perspective to analyze the antifibrogenic function of miR-29 in an experimental liver fibrosis model in vivo.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-42635 | ||||||||
Date: | March 2011 | ||||||||
Language: | German | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Biology > Institute for Genetics | ||||||||
Subjects: | Life sciences Medical sciences Medicine |
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Date of oral exam: | 23 May 2011 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/4263 |
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