Universität zu Köln

Goldenberg, Silvan U. ORCID: 0000-0003-2296-2190, Borcherding, Jost ORCID: 0000-0003-3411-5861 and Heynen, Martina (2014). Balancing the response to predation-the effects of shoal size, predation risk and habituation on behaviour of juvenile perch. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 68 (6). S. 989 - 999. NEW YORK: SPRINGER. ISSN 1432-0762

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Abstract

Group size, predation risk and habituation are key drivers of behaviour and evolution in gregarious prey animals. However, the extent to which they interact in shaping behaviour is only partially understood. We analyzed their combined effects on boldness and vigilance behaviour in juvenile perch (Perca fluviatilis) by observing individuals in groups of one, two, three and five faced with four different levels of predation risk in a repeated measures design. The perch showed an asymptotic increase in boldness with increasing group size and the highest per capita vigilance in groups of two. With increasing predation risk, individuals reduced boldness and intensified vigilance. The interaction between group size and predation risk influenced vigilance but not boldness. In this context, individuals in groups of two elevated their vigilance compared to individuals in larger groups only when at higher risk of predation. Further, as only group size, they significantly reduced vigilance at the highest level of risk. With increasing habituation, solitary individuals became considerably bolder. Also, predation risk affected boldness only in the more habituated situation. Hence, repeated measures may be essential to correctly interpret certain relationships in behaviour. Our results suggest that perch may adjust boldness behaviour to group size and predation risk independently. This is rather unexpected since in theory, natural selection would strongly favour an interactive adjustment. Finally, vigilance might be particularly effective in groups of two due to the intense monitoring and detailed response to changing levels of risk.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Goldenberg, Silvan U. UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0003-2296-2190 UNSPECIFIED Borcherding, Jost UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0003-3411-5861 UNSPECIFIED Heynen, Martina UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-437233
DOI:	10.1007/s00265-014-1711-1
Journal or Publication Title:	Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.
Volume:	68
Number:	6
Page Range:	S. 989 - 999
Date:	2014
Publisher:	SPRINGER
Place of Publication:	NEW YORK
ISSN:	1432-0762
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language INSPECTION BEHAVIOR; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR; PRINCIPAL-COMPONENTS; POECILIA-RETICULATA; TAKING BEHAVIOR; VIGILANCE; BOLDNESS; INFORMATION; POPULATION Multiple languages Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology Multiple languages
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/43723