Korres, Wolfgang (2013). Analysis of surface soil moisture patterns in an agricultural landscape utilizing measurements and ecohydrological modeling. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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W._Korres_Dissertation_2013.pdf - Published Version Download (13MB) |
Abstract
Soil moisture and its distribution in space and time plays a decisive role in terrestrial water and energy cycles. It controls the partitioning of precipitation into infiltration and runoff as well as the partitioning of solar radiation into latent and sensible heat flux. Therefore it has a strong impact on numerous processes, e.g., controlling floods, crop yield, erosion, and climate processes. Soil moisture, and surface soil moisture in particular, is highly variable in space and time and its spatial and temporal patterns in an agricultural landscape are affected by multiple natural (precipitation, soil, etc.) and agricultural (soil management, fertilization etc.) parameters. Against this background, the current study investigates the spatial and temporal patterns of surface soil moisture in an agricultural landscape, to determine the dominant parameters and the underlying processes controlling these patterns. The study was conducted on different spatial scales, from the field scale to the whole catchment scale of the river Rur (2364 km2) in Western Germany, because observed patterns are intrinsically connected to the scale on which they are observed. For the investigation three different approaches were used: Analysis based on A) Field measurements, B) Radar remote sensing, and C) Ecohydrological modeling. Extensive field measurements were carried out in a small arable land and grassland test site, measuring surface soil moisture, plant parameters, meteorological parameters, and soil parameters. These measurements were used to analyze the small scale (field scale) patterns of surface soil moisture and for the validation of the two other methods. Since large scale investigations based on field measurements are generally not feasible, surface soil moisture maps from radar remote sensing and ecohydrological modeling were used to analyze large scale patterns of surface soil moisture and their scaling properties. Precipitation, vegetation patterns, topography and soil properties were found to be the dominant parameters for soil moisture patterns in an agriculturally used landscape. Precipitation can be assumed to be homogeneous on the small scale, but can be very heterogeneous on the large scale at the same time. Evapotranspiration causes high small scale variability, especially during the growing season. If analyzed on coarser resolutions, this small scale pattern is smoothed out. Topography is a source of small scale patterns only on wet surface soil moisture states, because of the lateral redistribution of water during or shortly after precipitation events. Soils have a major influence on the variability of surface soil moisture on all scales, due to the large heterogeneity of soil properties within a given soil type (small scale) and between different soil types (large scale). Altogether, the variability of surface soil moisture increases with an increasing size of the investigation area and with an increasing resolution within the investigation area. During the course of the year surface soil moisture variability and its scaling properties are being influenced by different parameters with temporally varying intensities. During the growing season, at the time of high small scale variability of evapotranspiration, the variability of surface soil moisture is high and decreases much stronger with decreasing spatial resolution of the investigation, than during times outside the growing season. In the beginning and towards the end of the year (outside the growing season, when the soil is wet) the patterns and their scaling properties are mainly determined by soil properties. Precipitation events generally superimpose their large scale patterns for a short period of time and diminish the small scale variability induced by evapotranspiration. This thesis improves the knowledge about surface soil moisture patterns in agriculturally used areas and their underlying processes. The results of the scaling analysis indicate the potential to use vegetation and precipitation parameters for downscaling purposes. Understanding the subscale soil moisture heterogeneity is, for example, particularly relevant to better utilize coarse scale soil moisture data derived from SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) or the upcoming SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive) satellite measurements.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-50653 | ||||||||
Date: | 2013 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Geosciences > Geographisches Institut | ||||||||
Subjects: | Earth sciences Geography and travel |
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Date of oral exam: | 14 January 2013 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/5065 |
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