Valencia-Schneider, Monica Eilene (2013). IRAS 01072+4954: A laboratory for studying the star formation - AGN relation in the local universe. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Most of the galaxies -- if not all -- harbor a supermassive black hole (SMBH) at the center. Observationally, several pieces of evidence suggest that the stellar mass growth of the galaxies and the accretion of matter onto their SMBHs are related to each other in a sort of co-evolution. However, the nature of this relation is still not well understood. Detailed studies of nearby sources are fundamental and indispensable to discover tracers and derive observables that can be used to constrain the properties of the higher-redshift galaxy population. The aim of this Thesis is to study the star formation and the accretion process in the galaxy IRAS 01072+4954 (z~0.023). The main analysis is based on near-infrared (NIR) integral-field spectroscopic observations of the central region ~(1.4 x 1.4) kpc^2, that were performed with Gemini-NIFS on October 2008. The instrument, assisted by the Adaptive Optics system ALTAIR, provides simultaneously high angular and spectral resolution allowing to dissect spatially the nucleus down to few tens of parsecs and probe the stellar and gas kinematics with a resolution of ~24 km/s. The investigation is complemented with measurements at other wavelengths available in the literature. The stellar mass of the galaxy is estimated to ~10^10 Msun based on the constructed surface brightness profile. Its global star formation rate, calculated from the far-infrared photometry, is ~5 Msun/yr. This means that IRAS 01072+4954 is a starburst galaxy, with a stellar-mass doubling time-scale of ~2.5 Gyr. In the bulge the efficiency of the star formation process is found to be >50%, implying a depletion timescale (time in which the gas mass is converted into stars) of ~1 Gyr. The properties of the stellar populations in selected regions on the bulge are studied using the absorption features in the HK-band spectra. Metallicities lower than solar (-1 < [Fe/H] < 0.1) are found across the bulge, whose continuum emission is dominated by young-to-intermediate age stars (5x10^6 - 8x10^8 yr). This combination of properties suggests that the galaxy is moderately young. Most of the stellar population discriminators in the NIR are biased against young supergiant stars. Here, a new spectral index that quantifies the strength of an unexplored feature at 1.55 microns is proposed. This index is sensitive to stars of K-M spectral types and luminosity classes I-III. The nature of the active galactic nucles (AGN) of this source has been a mistery, because, while its X-ray emission is typical of a Type 1 AGN, its optical spectrum does not exhibit the characteristic broad emission lines. A recently proposed `True'-Seyfert 2 type, which is at the odds with the unified model of AGN, could explain these contradictory observations. Here, it is proven that the properties of the AGN are not a matter of obscuration, nor of contrast against the circumnuclear star formation, but probably due to the faintness of the broad line region. If that is the case, IRAS 01072+4954 would power broad lines with widths of only ~450 km/s, one of the narrowest ever detected. If not, it would be one of the most intriguing `True'-Seyfert 2 candidates in the current research on AGN-classification. To characterize the AGN, each of its components is analysed in detail: the torus, the accretion disk, the black hole, and the theoretically expected broad line region. Using several scaling relations, the black hole mass is estimated in MBH~ 10^5 Msun. The different estimates are compared and the validity of these relations for low-MBHs is discussed. In general, pseudobulges and barred galaxies -- like IRAS 01072+4954 -- lie under these correlations. Here, it is shown that if the MBH-L(bulge) and the MBH-M(stars) correlations are broken at ~7x10^7 Msun as some groups have suggested, all MBH estimations for IRAS 01072+4954 agree within the scatter of the correlations. Here, an explicit expression for the MBH-LK(bulge) that includes the aforementioned break is proposed. The estimated accretion-disk bolometric luminosity, Lbol~ 10^42.5 erg/s, implies that the black hole is actively accreting mass at an Eddington rate ~0.2, i.e., Mdot~ 5.5x10^-4 Msun/yr. A tentative classification as Narrow Line Seyfert 1 is proposed for the AGN. The excitation mechanisms of the NIR [FeII] and H2 are studied in order to disentangle the different ionization sources on the bulge.The [FeII] kinematics shows signs of a biconical outflow, while the dominant motion of the ionized and molecular Hydrogen is rotation consistent with that of the stars in the disk. It is shown that the starburst cannot produce the observed outflow leaving the AGN feedback as possible explanation. Finally, the feeding and feedback processes are discussed in the context of the Kennicutt-Schmidt law. IRAS 01072+4954 is probably a unique source, or at least, it is one of the very few galaxies with such extreme star-forming and AGN-accretion properties. According to Heckmann et al. (2004), in the local universe, only ~0.2% of the black holes with MBH<3x10^7 Msun might be active, and they would be responsible for ~50% of the current total mass-accretion. Observations of more sources like IRAS 01072+4954 will help on building the local inventory of highly accreting systems and might help on understanding their effects on the stellar mass growth across the cosmic time.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-50735 | ||||||||
Date: | 5 March 2013 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Physics > Institute of Physics I | ||||||||
Subjects: | Natural sciences and mathematics Physics |
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Date of oral exam: | 18 January 2013 | ||||||||
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Funders: | International Marx Planck Research School for Astronomy and Astrophysics at the Universities of Cologne, Bonn and the MPIfR | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/5073 |
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