Ohrem, Jochen (2013). Charakterisierung des biologischen Abbaus von Azofarbstoffen am Beispiel von DRIMARO sowie des sonochemischen Abbaus von ausgewählten perfluorierten Tensiden. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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PDF (Dissertation Jochen Ohrem)
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Abstract
Within the scope of this work selected perfluorinated tensides were treated sonochemical and the dismantling was monitored with 19F-NMR-measurements. Concurrently, the Diazodyestuff DRIMARO, relevant for industrial use, was treated in an anaerobic-aerobic bioreactor to examine the dismantling mechanism as well as technical parametres of the dismantling process. For the sonochemical treatment the reactor was characterized at 378 kHz with regard to power input and radical-building-rate. It was determined that per watt of acoustic power input (Pac) with Pac=64W 0,045 µMol/ L·min·W and with Pac=134W 0,079 µMol/L·min·W [OH] radicals are generated. The materials PFOA, PFOS and PFBA were treated with concentrations of 0.5mMol/ L each. For all substances a dismantling following a kinetic of zero order was measured. PFBA dismantled best at Pac=134W and a 81min half-life was determined. The examination of the carboxylic acids showed that - depending on the intensity - the carbon chain length influenced the degradability. The carboxylic acid PFOA has a substantially shorter half-life than the sulfonic-acid PFOS under equal conditions. This points to the fact that the degradability of perfluorinated sulfonic-acids increases when exposed to frequencies with stronger pyrolytic effects. Furthermore, it was determinded that the adjustment of the pH to 9.0 has a clear effect on the dismantling rate and the half-life is substantially shorter than without pH factor setting (pH 3.3). With the red azodye DRIMARO (λmax 552 nm) consists of three similar reactive dyes with two chlorine-triazinrests as the reactive anchors, which differ in the number of the sulfonic acid groups. Chromatographic separation is performed through a LC MS method, developed for this purpose, and with a combination of positive and negative electro spray ionization, various ions can be meausured massspectroscopically. Thus, theoretical reaction mechanisms can be derived and metabolites for the anaerobic and next aerobic treatment process can be prognosticated. It is concluded that the first reaction step under anaerobic conditions will be the opening of the azobond. This is confirmed and a molecule with the mass 952g /mol as well as two different naphthalene-sulfonic-acids are produced, namely NDSS (303g/ mol) and NYS2.1 (223g/ mol). The material with the mass 952 g /mol is reduced to substituted naphthalenes with the mass 338g/mol as well as to triazines with different rests. The dismantling of the dyestuff DRIMARO has occurred to more than 95% after 12 days in the batch treatment at 0.5mMol /reactor volume, and in the UV-Vis range are exclusively the massspectroscopic identified intermediates NDSS (303g/ mol) and NYS2.1 (223g/ mol) are detected. Moreover, massspectroscopic triazines, which show no excitation in the UV-Vis spectrum, are detectable. The continuous tests show that the intermediates which result from the splitting of the azobond, are the materials with the molar masses 947 as well as 474g/ mol. This proves that the first step under anaerobic conditions is the opening of the azobond. In the following aerobic treatment of the filtrate that results from the anaerobic step of the treatment, the materials NDSS (303 g /mol) and NYS2.1 (223 g /mol) as well as different triazines are proved. In the treatment process these materials are neither anaerobic nor aerobically degradable. In the aerobic reactor the opening of double bonds of some triazines has occurred. With the help of the cyclic voltammetry the first reduction step - the opening of the azobond - was determined for DRIMARO at -0,23 V. With the help of cyclovoltammetry it was ascertained that the stage of reduction is dependent on the pH value. At pH 5.0 it is -160mV, at pH 7.0 it is-250mV and at pH 9.0 it is 230mV.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-51755 | ||||||||
Date: | 14 June 2013 | ||||||||
Language: | German | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Chemistry > Institute of Organic Chemistry | ||||||||
Subjects: | Natural sciences and mathematics Chemistry and allied sciences Technology (Applied sciences) |
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Date of oral exam: | 13 January 0016 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/5175 |
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