Wegener, Christian ORCID: 0000-0003-3052-2064 (2021). Development and Application of a Climate-driven Human Dispersal Model. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
The origin and spread of the Anatomically Modern Human (AMH) is still debated and regu-larly renewed as new findings challenge the current consensus. While the fossil remains suggest a gradual evolution and spread, molecular genetic studies propose an outburst of AMH that spread out and became dominant. Human population and migration models are used to bridge over ranges of time and space that lack sufficient data, utilizing diffusion-reaction models to simulate the spread and population dynamics. The aim of this study is to expand these migration models with a directed dispersal rather than the isotropic spread through diffusion. To achieve this, spatial and temporal climate simulation data is used in conjunction with archaeological data to estimate the Human Existence Potential (HEP), a measure for the survivability for a specific culture of AMH. The directed dispersal is proportional to the gradient of this potential field and the population distribution, combining different factors that can trigger migration. The dispersal model is presented in detail as part of the Human Modeling Framework, which combines several models and applications that build upon the HEP. Idealized and realistic test scenarios are broad out to evaluate the performance of the dispersal model, which show reasonable results in regards to numeric stability and consistency. The realistic simulations include a representative Dansgaard-Oeschger event for the Aurignacian technocomplex and a simulation of monthly changing HEP for the Last Glacial Maximum. The former produces a reasonable response, while the latter illustrates the limitations of the dispersal model. As the final application, a complete simulation of AMH dispersal from the Levant to Europe from 45-25 kyr BP shows promising results regarding possible dispersal routes and the timing of first arrivals. The uncertainties in radiocarbon dating make it difficult, however, to evaluate the estimation of the timings. The presented model is a feasible foundation that can be further expanded, for example, by using more than one population and include social interactions in a simplified formulation.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-546021 | ||||||||
Date: | 20 August 2021 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Geosciences > Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology | ||||||||
Subjects: | Earth sciences History of ancient world |
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Date of oral exam: | 20 October 2021 | ||||||||
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Funders: | Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG | ||||||||
Projects: | CRC 806 "Our Way to Europe", Project ID 57444011 | ||||||||
Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/54602 |
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