Tabel, Mona ORCID: 0000-0002-4924-5442 (2022). Genetic knockout and pharmacological inhibition of galectin-3 blocks microglia reactivity and protects from retinal degeneration. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the most common degenerative diseases of the retina in the western world. It is a complex genetic and multifactorial degenerative disease, which can lead to blindness. A dysfunction of the innate immune system leads to a chronic activation of tissue macrophages, microglia, in the retina. These cells are responsible for maintaining homeostasis in healthy tissue. However, chronic activation of these cells leads to rapid progression of degenerative diseases due to their pro- inflammatory and neurotoxic properties. The goal of many studies is to develop a therapy that inhibits the neurotoxic properties of microglia while maintaining their ability for homeostasis. Such immunomodulatory targets represent a therapeutic possibility not only for AMD. One possible target is the modulation of the protein, galectin-3, which is a ß-galactose binding protein that is upregulated in microglia after reactivation. In other diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington’s disease and Parkinson's disease, modulation of galectin-3 may also be beneficial, in these diseases increased microglia activity and galectin-3 expression have been observed. The results of this work demonstrate that microglia in AMD patients express a high level of galectin-3, which is not the case in healthy individuals. Using molecular biological expression analysis, galectin-3 expression was found to be co- localized with Allograft inflammatory factor-1, AIF-1, expression specific for microglia. In the light induced degeneration model of the retina, which is an established mouse model of dry AMD, the results show that the deficiency of galectin-3 (Lgals3-KO) and the inhibition by a small chemical molecule, TD139, have an inhibitory effect on resident microglia cells. Analyses of the migration of microglia suggest that galectin-3 promotes microglia migration, which could be reduced by inhibition or genetic loss of galectin-3. In addition, the level of pro- inflammatory cytokines in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium was reduced, as well as the degeneration of the retina, including the photoreceptor cell layer. In conclusion, this study shows a correlation of microglia activity and increased galectin-3 expression in tissues of mice in the light-induced degeneration model, as well as in AMD patients. Thus, immunomodulation of galectin-3 with an inhibitor, TD139, represents a potential target for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases, such as AMD.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-555132 | ||||||||||||
Date: | 2022 | ||||||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Biology > Institute for Genetics | ||||||||||||
Subjects: | Natural sciences and mathematics Life sciences Medical sciences Medicine |
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Date of oral exam: | 9 February 2022 | ||||||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/55513 |
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