Schell, Michael (2014). The role of the Caenorhabditis elegans E4 enzyme UFD-2 in DNA damage repair and apoptosis. Thesis Abstract, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are major threats for the genome of a cell and if left unrepaired they may lead to severe genomic instability which can result in apoptosis. In order to cope with DSBs a tight spatiotemporal regulation of DNA repair factors is required. These factors are recruited to lesions where they form nuclear foci to repair the damage. Timely repair is mandatory, as persisting unprocessed DSBs in pachytene nuclei of the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) germline trigger apoptosis. Yet unknown signals seem to be transmitted between the DNA damage response (DDR) and apoptosis. To allow quick responding, signaling is likely mediated by post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins located at these foci. Ubiquitylation is emerging as an important PTM in the DDR, regulating the proteasomemediated degradation of DDR-players or their displacement from chromatin. Thus, E3 ubiquitin ligases have been identified to be prominent factors in the damage response. This study demonstrates that the C. elegans E4 ligase UFD-2, a specialized form of an E3 ligase, with its binding partner the ubiquitin-selective segregase CDC-48/p97 accumulates rad-51 dependent in ionizing radiation induced nuclear foci (IRIF) in the apoptosis prone pachytene zone of the germline. The recruitment of UFD-2 and CDC-48 is independently from each other. However, impaired binding between both proteins results in misregulated UFD-2 foci, possibly caused by disturbed segregase function of CDC-48. Moreover, experiments measuring the embryonic sensitivity to IR confirm a role of UFD-2 in homologous recombination mediated DNA repair. These findings suggest that the E4 ligase UFD-2 regulates the abundance of substrates at IRIF which might serve as mediators between the DDR and apoptosis. Consistently, ufd-2 positively regulates IR-induced apoptosis and a deletion of ufd-2 results in inefficient apoptosis, correlating with persisting RAD-51 foci indicating persisting unprocessed DSBs. This study establishes a new function of UFD-2 in the displacement of an anti-apoptotic signal at sites of homologous recombination that needs to be removed for proceeding of apoptosis. It prevents undesired cell death when the damage repair is still in progress but unleashes the power of apoptosis if the DNA repair fails.
Item Type: | Thesis Abstract | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-55646 | ||||||||
Date: | 2014 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Biology > Institute for Genetics | ||||||||
Subjects: | Natural sciences and mathematics Life sciences |
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Date of oral exam: | 20 January 2014 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/5564 |
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