Vogt, Merly Carlotta (2014). Metabolic Programming of Hypothalamic Neurocircuits by Maternal High-Fat Feeding. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
In light of the ever-increasing incidences of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, development of novel therapeutic or preventative measures to combat these epidemics is of utmost importance. Over the last decades, it became clear that maternal obesity and diabetes mellitus during pregnancy increase the risk of the unborn child to develop metabolic disorders throughout lifetime. This causal relationship between an altered maternal metabolic homeostasis and the increased propensity of the child to develop these metabolic impairments itself is often referred to as “metabolic programming”. However, despite the multitude of studies already carried out in this field of research, to date we still know very little about the developmental alterations responsible for the impaired regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis in children of obese and/or diabetic mothers. Here we could demonstrate by employing a thorough and physiological maternal high-fat diet-(HFD) feeding paradigm in mice that nutritional and hormonal alterations specifically during lactation predispose the offspring for obesity and impaired glucose homeostasis. These metabolic defects are associated with malformations of the hypothalamic melanocortin circuitry in the offspring. Whereas the number and neuropeptide expression of anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons, electrophysiological properties of POMC neurons and posttranslational processing of POMC to the active neurotransmitter α-MSH remain unaffected in response to maternal HFD-feeding during lactation, the formation of POMC and AgRP projections to hypothalamic target sites is severely impaired. Moreover, abrogating insulin action in POMC neurons of the offspring prevents altered POMC projections specifically to the preautonomic paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH), restores pancreatic parasympathetic innervation and improves glucose-stimulated insulin-secretion in response to maternal overnutrition. Taken together, these experiments reveal a critical developmental period of particular vulnerability towards altered maternal metabolic homeostasis. An abnormal developmental environment during exactly this period, i.e. the postnatal lactation period in mice that refers to the third trimester of pregnancy in humans, impairs hypothalamic neuronal projections at least in part by abnormal neuronal insulin signaling and thereby contributes to the increased propensity to develop obesity and impaired glucose homeostasis in mice.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-55997 | ||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Cell | ||||||||
Volume: | 156 | ||||||||
Number: | 3 | ||||||||
Date: | January 2014 | ||||||||
Publisher: | Cell Press | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Biology > Institute for Genetics | ||||||||
Subjects: | Natural sciences and mathematics Life sciences |
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Date of oral exam: | 8 April 2014 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/5599 |
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