Ising, Christina (2014). The role of prohibitin-2 in podocytes – mitochondrial function and beyond. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Diseases of the kidney filtration barrier are a major cause of renal failure and cardiovascular mortality. Podocytes maintain the glomerular filtration barrier and podocyte dysfunction leads to the development of glomerulosclerosis, i.e. glomerular scarring. Mutations in the SPFH domain containing protein podocin, which is localized to the specialized cell-cell contact of podocytes, the slit diaphragm, can cause one of the most frequent glomerulopathies, FSGS. Podocin is one of the most extensively studied proteins in podocytes but nothing is known about other SPFH domain containing proteins in podocytes so far. Since it has been speculated that mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to podocyte injury in glomerular diseases this thesis work investigated the podocyte-specific function of a mitochondrially localized SPFH domain containing protein, prohibitin-2 (PHB2). PHB2 is important for maintaining normal cristae structures and proper mitochondrial function. Podocyte-specific loss of PHB2 in mice resulted in the development of progressive albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis and endstage renal failure. Unexpectedly, immunofluorescence stainings and immunogold labeling detected PHB2 not only in mitochondria but also at the slit diaphragm. PHB2 co-precipitated with podocin, thereby suggesting an extramitochondrial role of PHB2 at the slit diaphragm. Supporting these results, the ortholog of PHB2 in C. elegans was also not restricted to mitochondria but associated with a mechanosensory complex containing the podocin ortholog MEC 2. Given the high similarity of the mechanosensory complex in worms and the slit diaphragm complex in mammals, functional assays of the mechanosensor were performed. Knockdown of phb-2 as well as loss of mec-2 in the mechanosensitive neurons resulted in impaired touch sensitivity, showing a functional impact of PHB2 on this conserved protein-lipid supercomplex. Furthermore, it was shown before that loss of insulin signaling increases lifespan of Phb2/phb-2 deficient yeast and worms. Therefore, apart from the findings at the slit diaphragm, the impact of PHB2 on podocyte metabolism was investigated. Phb2 deficiency in podocytes led to increased activity of mTORC1. Treatment of these animals with rapamycin or additional knockout of the insulin and IGF-1 receptor prolonged survival despite progressive albuminuria. Collectively, these data indicate that loss of PHB2 at the slit diaphragm resulted in the development of albuminuria but loss of podocytes was dependent on metabolic dysregulation.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-56233 | ||||||||
Date: | 2014 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Biology > Institute for Genetics | ||||||||
Subjects: | Natural sciences and mathematics Life sciences Medical sciences Medicine |
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Date of oral exam: | 20 January 2014 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/5623 |
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