Universität zu Köln

Hartwigsen, Gesa ORCID: 0000-0002-8084-1330 and Volz, Lukas J. ORCID: 0000-0002-0161-654X (2021). Probing rapid network reorganization of motor and language functions via neuromodulation and neuroimaging. Neuroimage, 224. SAN DIEGO: ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE. ISSN 1095-9572

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Abstract

Motor and cognitive functions are organized in large-scale networks in the human brain that interact to enable flexible adaptation of information exchange to ever-changing environmental conditions. In this review, we discuss the unique potential of the consecutive combination of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and functional neuroimaging to probe network organization and reorganization in the healthy and lesioned brain. First, we summarize findings highlighting the flexible (re-)distribution and short-term reorganization in motor and cognitive networks in the healthy brain. Plastic after-effects of rTMS result in large-scale changes on the network level affecting both local and remote activity within the stimulated network as well as interactions between the stimulated and distinct functional networks. While the number of combined rTMS-fMRI studies in patients with brain lesions remains scarce, preliminary evidence suggests that the lesioned brain flexibly (re-)distributes its computational capacities to functionally reorganize impaired brain functions, using a similar set of mechanisms to achieve adaptive network plasticity compared to short-term reorganization observed in the healthy brain after rTMS. In general, both short-term reorganization in the healthy brain and stroke-induced reorganization seem to rely on three general mechanisms of adaptive network plasticity that allow to maintain and recover function: i) interhemispheric changes, including increased contribution of homologous regions in the contralateral hemisphere and increased interhemispheric connectivity, ii) increased interactions between differentially specialized networks and iii) increased contributions of domain-general networks after disruption of more specific functions. These mechanisms may allow for computational flexibility of large-scale neural networks underlying motor and cognitive functions. Future studies should use complementary approaches to address the functional relevance of adaptive network plasticity and further delineate how these general mechanisms interact to enable network flexibility. Besides furthering our neurophysiological insights into brain network interactions, identifying approaches to support and enhance adaptive network plasticity may result in clinically relevant diagnostic and treatment approaches.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Hartwigsen, Gesa UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-8084-1330 UNSPECIFIED Volz, Lukas J. UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-0161-654X UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-570696
DOI:	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117449
Journal or Publication Title:	Neuroimage
Volume:	224
Date:	2021
Publisher:	ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
Place of Publication:	SAN DIEGO
ISSN:	1095-9572
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION; THETA-BURST-STIMULATION; NONINVASIVE BRAIN-STIMULATION; RESTING-STATE CONNECTIVITY; DORSAL PREMOTOR CORTEX; COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE; CORTICAL CONNECTIVITY; STROKE PATIENTS; DEFAULT-MODE; RECOVERY Multiple languages Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging Multiple languages
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/57069