Chen, Yen-Ta (2015). The role of Toll signaling in dorsoventral axis formation in the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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2015_PhD_Thesis-_YT_Chen.pdf - Published Version Bereitstellung unter der CC-Lizenz: Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial. Download (562MB) |
Abstract
The establishment of dorsoventral (DV) axis in the Drosophila embryo relies on the Toll/Dorsal signaling pathway. The transcription factor Dorsal acts downstream of Toll forming a nuclear gradient that determines different cell fates along the DV axis. The formation of the DV axis has been studied in two other holometabolous insects, the bee- tle Tribolium and the wasp Nasonia. However, the role of Toll signaling has not been addressed in the more basally branching hemimetabolous insects. Here, the functions of Toll signaling components have been studied in a representative of the hemimetabola, the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus. All components of the Toll signaling pathway were identified from the Oncopeltus transcriptome, including the Spätzle ligands, Toll receptors, Myd88 adaptors, Pelle and Tube-like protein kinases, and the Dorsal transcrip- tion factors. Knockdown of these components by parental RNAi (pRNAi) leads to a loss of expression of the ventral marker genes twist, short gastrulation (sog) and the lateral marker gene sim, indicating a dorsalization of the embryos. Anterior-shifted expression of several marker genes in Toll-1 and dorsal-1 RNAi embryos indicates that Toll signal- ing also modulates the AP patterning system. Surprisingly, even some genes required upstream of Toll to activate the Toll ligand Spätzle are conserved between Drosopihla and Oncopeltus. Thus, in Oncopeltus transcripts of the serine protease Nudel and the sulfotransferase Pipe are expressed in the follicle cells surrounding the oocyte like in flies and knockdown of their function results in dorsalized embryos. This indicates that the mechanisms responsible for transmitting the DV polarity of the egg chamber to the em- bryo are evolutionarily conserved within insects predating the split between bugs and the holometabola 350 million years ago. Previous work has shown that in addition to Toll signaling BMP signaling also plays a crucial role for patterning the entire DV axis in Oncopeltus. To investigate the relationship between Toll and BMP signaling, double knockdown experiments were performed. Simultaneous loss-of-function of dpp and Toll-1, which encode the BMP ligand and Toll receptor, leads to an expansion of twist and sog expression around entire embryonic circumference like in the dpp single knockdown, indi- cating that BMP is epistatic to Toll. Thus, BMP signaling seems to be more important than Toll signaling for establishing the cell fates along the DV axis in Oncopeltus. As a DV function of Toll signaling has not been observed outside of insects, the diminished function of Toll signaling in Oncopeltus (compared to holometabolous insects) is likely to represent an ancestral aspect of DV axis formation in insects.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-59577 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Date: | 23 January 2015 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Biology > Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subjects: | Natural sciences and mathematics Life sciences |
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Date of oral exam: | 23 January 2015 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Funders: | IGSDHD, SFB680 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/5957 |
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