Henderson, Elisabet ORCID: 0000-0002-4114-943X, Continente, Xavier, Fernandez, Esteve ORCID: 0000-0003-4239-723X, Tigova, Olena, Cortes-Francisco, Nuria, Gallus, Silvano ORCID: 0000-0002-8967-0400, Lugo, Alessandra ORCID: 0000-0002-4297-6496, Semple, Sean, Dobson, Ruaraidh, Clancy, Luke ORCID: 0000-0003-2407-2263, Keogan, Sheila, Ruprecht, Ario, Borgini, Alessandro ORCID: 0000-0002-5167-4297, Tzortzi, Anna, Vyzikidou, Vergina K., Gorini, Giuseppe ORCID: 0000-0002-1413-5948, Lopez-Nicolas, Angel, Soriano, Joan B., Geshanova, Gergana, Osman, Joseph, Mons, Ute ORCID: 0000-0003-1764-6783, Przewozniak, Krzysztof, Precioso, Jose, Brad, Ramona and Lopez, Maria J. (2021). Secondhand smoke exposure assessment in outdoor hospitality venues across 11 European countries. Environ. Res., 200. SAN DIEGO: ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE. ISSN 1096-0953

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Abstract

Objective: Due to partial or poorly enforced restrictions secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) is still present in outdoor hospitality venues in many European countries. This study aimed to assess SHS concentrations in outdoor hospitality venues across Europe and identify contextual exposure determinants. Methods: Cross-sectional study. We measured airborne nicotine and evidence of tobacco use in terraces of bars, cafeterias, and pubs from 11 European countries in 2017-2018. Sites were selected considering area-level socioeconomic indicators and half were visited during nighttime. We noted the smell of smoke, presence of smokers, cigarette butts, ashtrays, and number of physical covers. Contextual determinants included national smoke-free policies for the hospitality sector, the Tobacco Control Scale score (2016), and the national smoking prevalence (2017-2018). We computed medians and interquartile ranges (IQR) of nicotine concentrations and used multivariate analyses to characterize the exposure determinants. Results: Nicotine was present in 93.6% of the 220 sites explored. Overall concentrations were 0.85 (IQR:0.30-3.74) mu g/m(3) and increased during nighttime (1.45 IQR:0.65-4.79 mu g/m(3)), in enclosed venues (2.97 IQR:0.80-5.80 mu g/m(3)), in venues with more than two smokers (2.79 IQR:1.03-6.30 mu g/m(3)), in venues in countries with total indoor smoking bans (1.20 IQR:0.47-4.85 mu g/m(3)), and in venues in countries with higher smoking prevalence (1.32 IQR:0.49-5.34 mu g/m(3)). In multivariate analyses, nicotine concentrations were also positively associated with the observed number of cigarette butts. In venues with more than two smokers, SHS levels did not significantly vary with the venues' degree of enclosure. Conclusions: Our results suggest that current restrictions in outdoor hospitality venues across Europe have a limited protective effect and justify the adoption of total smoking bans in outdoor areas of hospitality venues.

Item Type: Journal Article
Creators:
CreatorsEmailORCIDORCID Put Code
Henderson, ElisabetUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0002-4114-943XUNSPECIFIED
Continente, XavierUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Fernandez, EsteveUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0003-4239-723XUNSPECIFIED
Tigova, OlenaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Cortes-Francisco, NuriaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gallus, SilvanoUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0002-8967-0400UNSPECIFIED
Lugo, AlessandraUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0002-4297-6496UNSPECIFIED
Semple, SeanUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Dobson, RuaraidhUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Clancy, LukeUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0003-2407-2263UNSPECIFIED
Keogan, SheilaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Ruprecht, ArioUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Borgini, AlessandroUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0002-5167-4297UNSPECIFIED
Tzortzi, AnnaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Vyzikidou, Vergina K.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gorini, GiuseppeUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0002-1413-5948UNSPECIFIED
Lopez-Nicolas, AngelUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Soriano, Joan B.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Geshanova, GerganaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Osman, JosephUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Mons, UteUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0003-1764-6783UNSPECIFIED
Przewozniak, KrzysztofUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Precioso, JoseUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Brad, RamonaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lopez, Maria J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
URN: urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-605880
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111355
Journal or Publication Title: Environ. Res.
Volume: 200
Date: 2021
Publisher: ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
Place of Publication: SAN DIEGO
ISSN: 1096-0953
Language: English
Faculty: Unspecified
Divisions: Unspecified
Subjects: no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:
KeywordsLanguage
2ND-HAND SMOKE; TOBACCO-SMOKE; BARS; RESTAURANTS; LEGISLATION; NICOTINE; INDOOR; HEALTH; IMPACT; CAFESMultiple languages
Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational HealthMultiple languages
URI: http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/60588

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