Universität zu Köln

Rodriguez-Baras, M., Fuente, A., Riviere-Marichalar, P., Navarro-Almaida, D., Caselli, P., Gerin, M., Kramer, C., Roueff, E., Wakelam, V, Esplugues, G., Garcia-Burillo, S., Le Gal, R., Spezzano, S., Alonso-Albi, T., Bachiller, R., Cazaux, S., Commercon, B., Goicoechea, J. R., Loison, J. C., Trevino-Morales, S. P., Roncero, O., Jimenez-Serra, I, Laas, J., Hacar, A., Kirk, J., Lattanzi, V, Martin-Domenech, R., Munoz-Caro, G., Pineda, J. E., Tercero, B., Ward-Thompson, D., Tafalla, M., Marcelino, N., Malinen, J., Friesen, R. and Giuliano, B. M. (2021). Gas phase Elemental abundances in Molecular cloudS (GEMS) IV. Observational results and statistical trends. Astron. Astrophys., 648. LES ULIS CEDEX A: EDP SCIENCES S A. ISSN 1432-0746

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Abstract

Gas phase Elemental abundances in Molecular CloudS (GEMS) is an IRAM 30 m Large Program designed to provide estimates of the S, C, N, and O depletions and gas ionization degree, X(e(-)), in a selected set of star-forming filaments of Taurus, Perseus, and Orion. Our immediate goal is to build up a complete and large database of molecular abundances that can serve as an observational basis for estimating X(e(-)) and the C, O, N, and S depletions through chemical modeling. We observed and derived the abundances of 14 species ((CO)-C-13, (CO)-O-18, HCO+, (HCO+)-C-13, (HCO+)-O-18, HCN, (HCN)-C-13, HNC, HCS+, CS, SO, (SO)-S-34, H2S, and OCS) in 244 positions, covering the A(V) similar to 3 to similar to 100 mag, n(H-2) similar to a few 10(3) to 10(6) cm(-3), and T-k similar to 10 to similar to 30 K ranges in these clouds, and avoiding protostars, HII regions, and bipolar outflows. A statistical analysis is carried out in order to identify general trends between different species and with physical parameters. Relations between molecules reveal strong linear correlations which define three different families of species: (1) (CO)-C-13 and (CO)-O-18 isotopologs; (2) (HCO+)-C-13, (HCO+)-O-18, H-13 CN, and HNC; and (3) the S-bearing molecules. The abundances of the CO isotopologs increase with the gas kinetic temperature until T-K similar to 15 K. For higher temperatures, the abundance remains constant with a scatter of a factor of similar to 3. The abundances of H-13 CO+, HC18 O+, H-13 CN, and HNC are well correlated with each other, and all of them decrease with molecular hydrogen density, following the law proportional to n(H-2)(-0.8 +/- 0.2). The abundances of S-bearing species also decrease with molecular hydrogen density at a rate of (S-bearing/H)(gas) proportional to n(H-2)(-0.6 +/- 0.1). The abundances of molecules belonging to groups 2 and 3 do not present any clear trend with gas temperature. At scales of molecular clouds, the (CO)-O-18 abundance is the quantity that better correlates with the cloud mass. We discuss the utility of the (CO)-C-13/(CO)-O-18, HCO+/(HCO+)-C-13, and H-13 CO+/(HCN)-C-13 abundance ratios as chemical diagnostics of star formation in external galaxies.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Rodriguez-Baras, M. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Fuente, A. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Riviere-Marichalar, P. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Navarro-Almaida, D. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Caselli, P. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Gerin, M. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Kramer, C. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Roueff, E. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Wakelam, V UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Esplugues, G. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Garcia-Burillo, S. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Le Gal, R. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Spezzano, S. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Alonso-Albi, T. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Bachiller, R. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Cazaux, S. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Commercon, B. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Goicoechea, J. R. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Loison, J. C. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Trevino-Morales, S. P. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Roncero, O. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Jimenez-Serra, I UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Laas, J. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Hacar, A. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Kirk, J. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Lattanzi, V UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Martin-Domenech, R. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Munoz-Caro, G. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Pineda, J. E. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Tercero, B. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Ward-Thompson, D. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Tafalla, M. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Marcelino, N. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Malinen, J. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Friesen, R. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Giuliano, B. M. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-606065
DOI:	10.1051/0004-6361/202040112
Journal or Publication Title:	Astron. Astrophys.
Volume:	648
Date:	2021
Publisher:	EDP SCIENCES S A
Place of Publication:	LES ULIS CEDEX A
ISSN:	1432-0746
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language INTEGRAL-SHAPED FILAMENT; STAR-FORMING CORES; MM LINE SURVEY; DENSE GAS; ROTATIONAL-EXCITATION; COMPARATIVE CHEMISTRY; SULFUR DEPLETION; NEARBY GALAXIES; CHEMICAL DIFFERENTIATION; COLLISIONAL EXCITATION Multiple languages Astronomy & Astrophysics Multiple languages
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/60606