Luque, R., Serrano, L. M., Molaverdikhani, K., Nixon, M. C., Livingston, J. H., Guenther, E. W., Palle, E., Madhusudhan, N., Nowak, G., Korth, J., Cochran, W. D., Hirano, T., Chaturvedi, P., Goffo, E., Albrecht, S., Barragan, O., Briceno, C., Cabrera, J., Charbonneau, D., Cloutier, R., Collins, K. A., Collins, K. I., Colon, K. D., Crossfield, I. J. M., Csizmadia, Sz., Dai, F., Deeg, H. J., Esposito, M., Fridlund, M., Gandolfi, D., Georgieva, I., Glidden, A., Goeke, R. F., Grziwa, S., Hatzes, A. P., Henze, C. E., Howell, S. B., Irwin, J., Jenkins, J. M., Jensen, E. L. N., Kabath, P., Kidwell, R. C., Jr., Kielkopf, J. F., Knudstrup, E., Lam, K. W. F., Latham, D. W., Lissauer, J. J., Mann, A. W., Matthews, E. C., Mireles, I., Narita, N., Paegert, M., Persson, C. M., Redfield, S., Ricker, G. R., Rodler, F., Schlieder, J. E., Scott, N. J., Seager, S., Subjak, J., Tan, T. G., Ting, E. B., Vanderspek, R., Van Eylen, V., Winn, J. N. and Ziegler, C. (2021). A planetary system with two transiting mini-Neptunes near the radius valley transition around the bright M dwarf TOI-776. Astron. Astrophys., 645. LES ULIS CEDEX A: EDP SCIENCES S A. ISSN 1432-0746

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Abstract

We report the discovery and characterization of two transiting planets around the bright M1 V star LP 961-53 (TOI-776, J = 8.5 mag, M = 0.54 +/- 0.03 M-circle dot) detected during Sector 10 observations of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Combining the TESS photometry with HARPS radial velocities, as well as ground-based follow-up transit observations from the MEarth and LCOGT telescopes, for the inner planet, TOI-776 b, we measured a period of P-b = 8.25 d, a radius of R-b = 1.85 +/- 0.13 R-circle plus, and a mass of M-b = 4.0 +/- 0.9 M-circle plus; and for the outer planet, TOI-776 c, a period of P-c = 15.66 d, a radius of R-c = 2.02 +/- 0.14 R-circle plus, and a mass of M-c = 5.3 +/- 1.8 M-circle plus. The Doppler data shows one additional signal, with a period of similar to 34 d, associated with the rotational period of the star. The analysis of fifteen years of ground-based photometric monitoring data and the inspection of different spectral line indicators confirm this assumption. The bulk densities of TOI-776 b and c allow for a wide range of possible interior and atmospheric compositions. However, both planets have retained a significant atmosphere, with slightly different envelope mass fractions. Thanks to their location near the radius gap for M dwarfs, we can start to explore the mechanism(s) responsible for the radius valley emergence around low-mass stars as compared to solar-like stars. While a larger sample of well-characterized planets in this parameter space is still needed to draw firm conclusions, we tentatively estimate that the stellar mass below which thermally-driven mass loss is no longer the main formation pathway for sculpting the radius valley is between 0.63 and 0.54 M-circle dot. Due to the brightness of the star, the TOI-776 system is also an excellent target for the James Webb Space Telescope, providing a remarkable laboratory in which to break the degeneracy in planetary interior models and to test formation and evolution theories of small planets around low-mass stars.

Item Type: Journal Article
Creators:
CreatorsEmailORCIDORCID Put Code
Luque, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Serrano, L. M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Molaverdikhani, K.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Nixon, M. C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Livingston, J. H.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Guenther, E. W.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Palle, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Madhusudhan, N.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Nowak, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Korth, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Cochran, W. D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hirano, T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Chaturvedi, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Goffo, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Albrecht, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Barragan, O.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Briceno, C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Cabrera, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Charbonneau, D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Cloutier, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Collins, K. A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Collins, K. I.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Colon, K. D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Crossfield, I. J. M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Csizmadia, Sz.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Dai, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Deeg, H. J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Esposito, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Fridlund, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gandolfi, D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Georgieva, I.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Glidden, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Goeke, R. F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Grziwa, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hatzes, A. P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Henze, C. E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Howell, S. B.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Irwin, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Jenkins, J. M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Jensen, E. L. N.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kabath, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kidwell, R. C., Jr.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kielkopf, J. F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Knudstrup, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lam, K. W. F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Latham, D. W.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lissauer, J. J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Mann, A. W.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Matthews, E. C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Mireles, I.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Narita, N.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Paegert, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Persson, C. M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Redfield, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Ricker, G. R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Rodler, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Schlieder, J. E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Scott, N. J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Seager, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Subjak, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Tan, T. G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Ting, E. B.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Vanderspek, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Van Eylen, V.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Winn, J. N.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Ziegler, C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
URN: urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-607714
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039455
Journal or Publication Title: Astron. Astrophys.
Volume: 645
Date: 2021
Publisher: EDP SCIENCES S A
Place of Publication: LES ULIS CEDEX A
ISSN: 1432-0746
Language: English
Faculty: Unspecified
Divisions: Unspecified
Subjects: no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:
KeywordsLanguage
POWERED MASS-LOSS; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; ATMOSPHERIC MASS; ERROR-CORRECTION; SUPER-EARTHS; EXOPLANET; KEPLER; SKY; STARS; STATEMultiple languages
Astronomy & AstrophysicsMultiple languages
URI: http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/60771

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