Kallabis, Sebastian (2021). A SYSTEMATIC EXPLORATION OF INSULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN NETWORKS BY QUANTITATIVE MASS SPECTROMETRY. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
The highly conserved peptide hormone insulin functions as a central regulator of metabolic homeostasis in the human body. So far, several large-scale-omics studies based on proteomics approaches have been performed to investigate intracellular insulin signaling, including glucose uptake, gene regulation, and differentiation. These studies uncovered a plethora of insulin-dependent effectors and revealed complex mechanisms of how these signaling molecules interact. However, detailed functions of large numbers of signaling molecules remained entirely unclear. It became further evident that interactions between signaling pathways are much more complex than initially assumed. This thesis aims to generate large-scale insulin-dependent protein-protein interactomes and phosphoproteomes to decipher the complex mechanisms of insulin signaling pathways in brown adipocytes. For the global protein-protein interactome analysis, nearly 100 proteins were selected which either have known functions in insulin signaling pathways or show insulin-dependent phosphorylation. Bait expression experiments in brown adipocytes were performed for the selected candidates by transient transfection of FLAG-tagged expression constructs and enrichment of bait-specific protein interactors. After immuno-precipitation and highresolution mass spectrometric analysis, samples were analyzed by comprehensive statistical and bioinformatics methods. In a semi-automated workflow, 4,197 binary interactions with 95 baits were identified, and a total of 3,815 interactors showed dynamic interaction behavior in response to insulin. The study uncovered various insulin-dependent interactions, and the enrichment of different protein motifs after insulin stimulation demonstrated a dynamic remodeling of protein interaction communities. In addition, an insulin-dependent phosphoproteomics screen in brown adipocytes discovered 2,334 differentially regulated phosphorylation sites, including sites on 46 bait and 319 prey proteins. A comparative analysis of interaction and phosphorylation kinetics revealed 2,010 interaction-phosphosite pairs with either positively or negatively correlating dynamics indicating activating or inhibiting effects of phosphorylation on protein-protein interactions after insulin stimulation. The correlation of insulin-dependent interactions and phosphorylation kinetics allowed the placement of previously unknown proteins within the insulin signaling pathway. iv For example, several bait proteins were strongly associated with cytoskeletal remodeling and vesicle translocation, including RAI14, SHC3, NCK1, and SH3BP4. Other overrepresented pathways included candidates involved in fatty acid metabolism (CERS1), mRNA translocation, and translation (ZC3H11A). Overall, the workflow presented here can be used to analyze any cellular system after stimulation and therefore provides an unbiased platform to study protein-protein interactions. The data collected in this thesis serves as a repository for exploring insulin-dependent dynamics in brown adipocytes and functionally characterizes several proteins so far not known to be involved in insulin signaling.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-610904 | ||||||||||
Date: | 13 November 2021 | ||||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Biology > Institute for Genetics | ||||||||||
Subjects: | Natural sciences and mathematics Life sciences |
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Date of oral exam: | 21 January 2022 | ||||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/61090 |
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