Coerdt, Anne (2015). Paired NLR receptors: Interplay of RPS4 and RRS1 in Arabidopsis immunity. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Paired NLR receptors: Interplay of RPS4 and RRS1 in Arabidopsis immunity. (deposited UNSPECIFIED)
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Abstract
Plants have evolved intracellular NLR receptors to recognize pathogen effectors and trigger a robust immune response (ETI). The Arabidopsis NLR gene pair RPS4 (Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae 4) and RRS1 (Resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum 1) cooperates genetically and physically to recognize, amongst others, the Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrRps4. A second RPS4/RRS1-like gene pair (RPS4b/RRS1b) contributes to AvrRps4 recognition. Transient or stable overexpression of RPS4, but not RRS1 induces immunity, and RPS4, but not RRS1 depends on a canonical ATP-binding pocket for its function. Also, RRS1 interacts with both RPS4 and pathogen effectors, suggesting a model where RRS1 as a sensor recognizes effectors and conveys the information to the executor RPS4, releasing it from RRS1 negative regulation to trigger immunity. However, RRS1 contributes to effector-independent autoimmunity in RPS4 overexpressing Arabidopsis, indicating an additional positive regulatory function apart from the suggested effector sensing. The work presented here re-evaluates the role of RRS1 in RPS4 induced signaling. In the absence of both RRS1a and RRS1b, RPS4 autoimmunity such as plant stunting and transcriptional reprogramming is decreased. Also, RPS4 protein accumulation is substantially reduced without RRS1, suggesting RRS1 positively contributes to RPS4 induced signaling by stabilizing RPS4 to allow sufficient immune complex formation. To gain insight into these RPS4-associated immune complexes and to connect RPS4 activation with defense outputs like cell death and transcriptional reprogramming, RPS4 co-purified proteins in pre- and post-activation complexes were analyzed by mass-spectrometry. Identified candidates are involved in processes such as protein synthesis and stability control, redox regulation and secretion. Their potential roles in immunity are discussed in this study. For several NLR receptors, nuclear localization is necessary for defense activation, and recently direct interactions between NLRs and transcription factors were reported, pointing at a close connection of these NLRs, including RPS4, to the chromatin. RRS1 contains a C-terminal WRKY transcription factor domain, and disruption of its DNA binding causes autoimmunity in the Arabidopsis slh1 mutant. To unravel the importance and dynamics of RRS1 DNA-association in plant immunity, transgenic RRS1 lines were characterized and used for chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP). To allow conclusive evaluation of ChIP results, targeted mutations were inserted into RRS1 to generate loss- or gain-of-function alleles as ChIP controls. Summarizing published information and data obtained from this work, a new model of RPS4 and RRS1 interaction is discussed where distinct immune complexes are formed in different cellular compartments to mediate cell death in the cytoplasm and transcriptional reprogramming in the nucleus.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-64056 | ||||||||
Date: | 2015 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Außeruniversitäre Forschungseinrichtungen > MPI for Plant Breeding Research | ||||||||
Subjects: | Life sciences | ||||||||
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Date of oral exam: | 1 December 2014 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/6409 |
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