Mahdi, Lisa ORCID: 0000-0003-1559-5492 (2023). Characterization of the Mechanisms underlying Plant-Microbe Multipartite Interactions. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
In nature, plants constantly interact with a multitude of microorganisms, collectively called the plant microbiota. Intimate associations and interdependencies between the plant and its microbiota result in a modulation of plant traits that ultimately determine plant health and yield production. Thus, unraveling the interaction networks, molecular mechanisms, and influencing factors that underlie plant-microbiota interactions is a prerequisite for developing future sustainable agricultural strategies. Fungi of the ecologically relevant order Sebacinales feature a wide geographical distribution and host range. Root colonization by Sebacinales like Serendipita vermifera and Serendipita indica leads to beneficial effects for the host, including increased biomass and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Yet little is known about factors and mechanisms that shape these widespread beneficial interactions. The studies comprised in this thesis aim to investigate the nature and relevance of the beneficial effects of Sebacinales on the host in multiple interactions. The first study addressed the effects of the beneficial root endophyte Serendipita vermifera (Sv) and the cereal pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana (Bs) on barley in a tripartite system. We showed that Sv exerts a biocontrol function by reducing pathogen colonization and host disease symptoms. Comparing the local and systemic transcriptional responses of all organisms in a gnotobiotic soil-based split-root system, we found that despite some degree of systemic protection, the major antagonistic effects were exerted upon direct contact and exhibited signs of mycoparasitism. In the second study, the tripartite setup was extended by including a second plant host and bacterial synthetic communities (SynCom) to investigate the influence of biotic factors on the Sv-mediated beneficial traits. The combined presence of Sv and members of the core bacterial microbiota provides synergistic protection against Bs on both host plants. In addition, host- and microbe-dependent synergistic early growth promotion was observed. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that these beneficial activities are not associated with extensive host transcriptional reprogramming but rather with the modulation of expression of fungal effectors and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). Abstract 1 Therefore, the third study investigated the regulation of Sv effector and CAZyme expression in biotic interactions, including interactions with three plant hosts, a fungus or a bacterial SynCom at four time points. RNA-seq analysis identified commonalities and differences in the Sv transcriptome during fungal accommodation in planta or microbe-microbe confrontation in the absence of the host. Further, a Sv chitinase was identified and characterized as a determinant of fungal antagonism. The fourth study investigated the Bs-induced expression of barley HvKSL4 and HvCPS2, that was observed in the original tripartite setup. This led to the identification of a barley gene-cluster for barley diterpene synthesis and was a first step in decifering the role of a secreted barley diterpene during biotic interactions. Finally, a protocol to monitor plant health and cell death via Ion leakage and Pulse Amplitude Fluorometry (PAM) was developed. This method is suitable for future multipartite setups as well as for chemical treatments and particularly useful for large- scale screenings. The studies comprised in this thesis expand our knowledge in the fields of plant-microbe interactions and biocontrol and lay the foundation for answering future research questions.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-652165 | ||||||||
Date: | 2023 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Biology > Botanical Institute | ||||||||
Subjects: | Life sciences | ||||||||
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Date of oral exam: | 3 March 2023 | ||||||||
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Funders: | SPP 2125 DECRyPT, IMPRS Graduate school | ||||||||
Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/65216 |
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