Universität zu Köln

Fay, Nicolas ORCID: 0000-0001-9866-2800, Walker, Bradley, Ellison, T. Mark, Blundell, Zachary, De Kleine, Naomi, Garde, Murray, Lister, Casey J. and Goldin-Meadow, Susan (2022). Gesture is the primary modality for language creation. Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci., 289 (1970). LONDON: ROYAL SOC. ISSN 1471-2954

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Abstract

How language began is one of the oldest questions in science, but theories remain speculative due to a lack of direct evidence. Here, we report two experiments that generate empirical evidence to inform gesture-first and vocal-first theories of language origin; in each, we tested modern humans' ability to communicate a range of meanings (995 distinct words) using either gesture or non-linguistic vocalization. Experiment 1 is a cross-cultural study, with signal Producers sampled from Australia (n = 30, M-age = 32.63, s.d. = 12.42) and Vanuatu (n = 30, M-age = 32.40, s.d. = 11.76). Experiment 2 is a cross-experiential study in which Producers were either sighted (n = 10, M-age = 39.60, s.d. = 11.18) or severely vision-impaired (n = 10, M-age = 39.40, s.d. = 10.37). A group of undergraduate student Interpreters guessed the meaning of the signals created by the Producers (n = 140). Communication success was substantially higher in the gesture modality than the vocal modality (twice as high overall; 61.17% versus 29.04% success). This was true within cultures, across cultures and even for the signals produced by severely vision-impaired participants. The success of gesture is attributed in part to its greater universality (i.e. similarity in form across different Producers). Our results support the hypothesis that gesture is the primary modality for language creation.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Fay, Nicolas UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0001-9866-2800 UNSPECIFIED Walker, Bradley UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Ellison, T. Mark UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Blundell, Zachary UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED De Kleine, Naomi UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Garde, Murray UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Lister, Casey J. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Goldin-Meadow, Susan UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-678442
DOI:	10.1098/rspb.2022.0066
Journal or Publication Title:	Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.
Volume:	289
Number:	1970
Date:	2022
Publisher:	ROYAL SOC
Place of Publication:	LONDON
ISSN:	1471-2954
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language HUMAN-COMMUNICATION; CULTURAL-EVOLUTION; SIGN-LANGUAGE; ORIGINS; CONSTRAINTS; HYPOTHESIS; ICONICITY; EMERGENCE; SPEECH; SYSTEM Multiple languages Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Multiple languages
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/67844