Myserlis, Ioannis (2015). A framework for the study of physical conditions in astrophysical plasmas through radio and optical polarization: Application to extragalactic jets. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
This work presents a framework for the study of the physical conditions in astrophysical plasma elements through linear and circular, radio and optical polarization monitoring. The term "framework" is meant to describe the self-consistent character of the work which contains all necessary elements to: 1. Design and conduct high-cadence, multi-frequency polarimetric observations. 2. Reconstruct the Stokes 4-vector of the observed radiation with high accuracy. 3. Interpret polarimetric observations based on the theoretical predictions of several emission, absorption and propagation effects which can generate, modify, or eliminate the Stokes parameters of the radiation. 4. Reproduce the observed characteristics in the complete Stokes parameters set using a radiative transfer code we developed on the basis of the model of Hughes et al. (1989, ApJ, 341, 54). The development of the machinery of this framework was based on data obtained within the F-GAMMA monitoring program. Our polarimetric methodology eliminates a number of sources of uncertainty and is directly applicable to radio telescopes equipped with circularly polarized feeds. Using this methodology we recovered the polarization characteristics for a sample of 87 AGNs at 4 bands: 2.64, 4.85, 8.35 and 10.45 GHz. Our analysis focuses on observations conducted with the 100-m Effelsberg telescope between July 2010 and January 2015 with a mean cadence of 1.6 months. We used these datasets to characterize the observed sample in terms of linear and circular radio polarization. The computed polarization parameters were subsequently used as the basis for the computation of the magnetic field strength of those jets and the rotation measure which is attributed to the low energy magnetized plasma located in regions where the radiation is emitted or propagated through. The theoretical predictions for the emission, absorption and propagation of radiation were used to perform a thorough correlation analysis between several observed characteristics in order to investigate the physical conditions of the emitting plasma elements. Multi-frequency, high cadence observations are essential in the study of the pronounced variability these sources usually show. This variability was found to follow repeating patterns in the Fν–ν domain for many sources, a prototype of which is the blazar 3C454.3. In many cases, these patterns agree with the predictions of the "shock-in-jet" model (Marscher and Gear, 1985, ApJ, 298, 114) which attributes them to the evolution of physical conditions at shocked regions as they propagate downstream the jet. Our results showed coordinated changes of the polarization characteristics which mark the transitions between the optically thick and thin regimes of synchrotron emission. Assuming that these transitions are due to the optical depth evolution of the propagated shocks, we used our radiative transfer code to emulate them and reproduce the variability observed in all Stokes parameters in the case of the prototype source 3C 454.3. We followed the strict requirement to reproduce this variability just by evolving the physical characteristics of the emitting region according to the predictions of the "shock-in-jet" model. This approach resulted in a number of estimates for the physical conditions of this jet, like its particle number density, magnetic field coherence length and Doppler factor. Finally, we characterized our sample in terms of optical linear polarization using the data obtained with the RoboPol monitoring program between May 2013 and July 2015. The comparison of those partially simultaneous, radio and optical polarization datasets did not show any correlation between the two bands, suggesting that the physical conditions at the two emission sites are different. We detected 60 EVPA rotation events in the examined radio bands, that occurred in 22 sources of our sample, 6 of which have also shown such events in the optical wavelengths. Assuming that these rotations are caused by the helical motion of emission elements propagating downstream the jet, we used the rotation rates and the linear polarization degree measurements in both the radio and optical bands to compare the (tangential) velocities and hence the kinetic energies of those emission elements while they are propagating through the radio and optical emission sites in the jet. This thesis is structured as follows; In Chapter 1 we give a brief overview of the AGN structure and the theoretical predictions for the polarization properties necessary throughout the rest of the thesis. In Chapters 2 and 3 we describe the machinery of our framework used to extract and calibrate all the Stokes parameters for radio telescopes equipped with circularly polarized feeds. In Chapter 4 we characterize the linear and circular radio polarization properties of our sample of AGNs. Those are later used to calculate other physical parameters at the emission or propagation regions and to perform a correlation analysis investigating the underlying physical mechanisms. In Chapter 5 we describe our radiative transfer code and its application on the radio polarimetric data of 3C 454.3 to reproduce the observed variability and extract a number of its physical parameters. In Chapter 6 we characterize the optical polarization properties of our sample, correlate them with the ones found in the radio bands and use the combined information to compare the physical conditions in the two emission sites in the jet. Finally, in Chapter 7, we summarize the results and conclusions reached throughout this thesis.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-69676 | ||||||||
Date: | 17 August 2015 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Physics > Institute of Physics I | ||||||||
Subjects: | Natural sciences and mathematics Physics |
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Date of oral exam: | 30 October 2015 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/6967 |
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