Ko, Yiu Hong ORCID: 0000-0003-4436-0166 (2023). Metacognitive Decisions on Decision Accuracy: Confidence Judgment and Changes of Mind. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Even in the absence of external feedback, humans are capable of subjectively estimating the accuracy of their own decisions, resulting in a sense of confidence that a decision is correct. While decision confidence has been proposed to be closely related to other metacognitive judgments, including error awareness (i.e., awareness that a decisions error has occurred) and changes of mind (i.e., reversal of previously made decisions), their relationships so far remain unclear. The current project aimed to investigate how confidence could be related to metacognitive judgments from two perspectives. First, Studies 1 and 2 investigated how confidence and changes of mind were affected by changes in different stimulus properties, particularly absolute evidence strength. In a brightness judgment task, participants were presented with two flickering, grayscale squares and required to select the square that appeared brighter. After each trial, participants reported their subjective accuracy on a rating scale ranging from “surely incorrect” to “surely correct”. Results showed that with stronger absolute evidence (i.e., increased overall luminance across both squares), confidence was increased and the proportion of changes of mind trials was reduced. These consistent changes support the hypothesis that higher confidence could contribute to less frequent changes of mind. Second, Study 3 investigated the relationships between confidence and the event-related potential (ERP) components of the centro-parietal potential (CPP) and the error positivity (Pe), which have been respectively proposed to be indexes of pre- and post-decisional evidence accumulation processes. In the same brightness judgment task, it was found that the relationships between confidence and these two ERP components depended on decision accuracy: Confidence was positively related to CPP amplitudes in correct trials, but negatively related to Pe amplitudes in error trials. These findings suggest that confidence in correct and error decisions involve different pre- and post- decisional processes. Overall, the current findings suggest that (a) confidence could serve as a basis of changes of mind, and (b), confidence in correct and erroneous decisions was differentially related to pre- and post-decisional ERP indexes of evidence accumulation. Taken together, they suggest that confidence might emerge during decision formation and could, with the contribution from post-decisional processes, serve as a basis of changes of mind.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-703256 | ||||||||
Date: | 2023 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Human Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Human Sciences > Department Psychologie | ||||||||
Subjects: | Psychology | ||||||||
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Date of oral exam: | 7 June 2023 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/70325 |
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