Schleyken, Sophia ORCID: 0000-0002-9257-1251 (2020). Deep brain stimulation and sensorimotor gating in tourette syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
The environment surrounding an individual causes a flood of stimuli, which are filtered in the brain with a mechanism called sensorimotor gating (SG), to ensure that only relevant information reaches consciousness. An important mechanism in this process is the startle reflex. Prepulse inhibition is a scientific tool to measure the reduction of the startle reflex that is induced by a prior sensory warning signal and can be stated in percent. The mechanism of SG and PPI are discussed to cross brain pathways in functional loops starting in the cortex, passing on to the striatum, to the thalamus and returning to the cortex (CSTC-loops). Researchers suggests that in Tourette-Syndrome (TS) and Obsessive-Compulsive-Disorder (OCD), these pathways are dysregulated (Schleyken et al. 2020). Thus, the question arose if abnormal SG can be detected in patients with TS and OCD and how the neuromodulative treatment with deep brain stimulation (DBS) influences SG (Schleyken et al. 2020). The study underlying this dissertation investigated changes of PPI of the acoustic startle reflex by DBS of the thalamic nuclei and the anterior limb of the internal capsule nucleus accumbens respectively, and included 10 patients with TS, 8 patients with OCD and 18 healthy controls, who matched in age and gender (Schleyken et al. 2020). Patients were measured twice, during active stimulation (ON-condition) and when the stimulation was switched off (OFF-condition), and randomization of the order of condition was used to enhance reliability (Schleyken et al. 2020). We found no significant difference in PPI (measured in percent) between the ON- and OFF- condition in patients with TS as well as patients with OCD. Yet, the analysis revealed significantly reduced PPI levels of patients with TS in the ON-condition compared to healthy controls. However, the comparison did not reach significance for the OFF-condition (Schleyken et al. 2020). As DBS is still a rare treatment in psychiatric diseases, a small sample size limits our results. Furthermore, nicotine and psychoactive medication have been shown to influence PPI levels but were not controlled for in our study. DBS includes an operative neurosurgical procedure, but we did not collect PPI data before the surgical procedure took place so that we were not able to assess any data of long-term stimulation effect (Schleyken et al. 2020). Keeping these limitations in mind, the main finding of our study was that PPI is altered in patients with TS which is supported by research results to date. However, our results differ from our previously published data where we found significantly reduced PPI levels in patients with OCD. As the exact effect of deep brain stimulation on cortical functions remains unknown, we suggest further research to disentangle its potentials and limitations (Schleyken et al. 2020).
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-718350 | ||||||||||
DOI: | 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.07.016 | ||||||||||
Date: | 2020 | ||||||||||
Publisher: | Elsevier | ||||||||||
Place of Publication: | Journal of psychiatric research | ||||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Medicine | ||||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Medicine > Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie > Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie | ||||||||||
Subjects: | Medical sciences Medicine | ||||||||||
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Date of oral exam: | 8 November 2023 | ||||||||||
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References: | Schleyken S, Baldermann J, Huys D, et al. Deep brain stimulation and sensorimotor gating in tourette syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of psychiatric research 2020; 129: 272- 80. | ||||||||||
Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/71835 |
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