Akinci, Caner (2024). Strategies Towards 3D Engineering of Biocompatible Hydrogels. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
This thesis explores the versatile potential of synthetic, biocompatible polymers to create well-defined hydrogels by following different crosslinking strategies. In the first strategy, the employment of triblock copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and polycaprolactone (PCL) for a physical gelation is investigated. Therefore, PCL-PEG-PCL triblock copolymers are synthesized at various block length via ring-opening polymerization of -caprolactone, using PEG diols (> 8000 g mol-1) as macroinitiators. Using a combination of methods such as size exclusion chromatography (SEC), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), and a purification process in toluene, it is optimized to result in well-defined products with unimodal molar mass distribution. The purified PCL-PEG-PCL triblock copolymers are systematically analyzed with focus on their sol-gel behavior and thermal properties. In the next strategy, PEG is used as the matrix material for photo-crosslinked networks by extrusion-based 3D printing. For this purpose, poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEG8KDMA) (8000 g mol-1) with at a high degree of functionalization is used as crosslinking component. To find the optimal composition for the printing process, solution rheology is employed, both by rotational and capillary rheometry. Here, PEG100K (100000 g mol-1) is proven to be a very good viscosity enhancer. Systematic investigation of aqueous PEG8KDMA, PEG100K, and their PEG8KDMA/PEG100K binary solutions at varying mass fractions show that the observed complex flow behavior is dominated by the PEG100K component. In the printed structures, the PEG-based hydrogel precursors are efficiently crosslinked using UV light of 365 nm and lithium-phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinat (LAP) as a Norrish Type-I photoinitiator. In the final product, the mechanical integrity, and rheological properties of the photo-crosslinked structures are dominated by PEG8KDMA component. Concerning the aimed applications, model grid structures are prepared by extrusion based printing and post-cured and evaluated concerning the printability of formulated solutions. On the base of the rheological properties of the respective solution, various manufacturing parameters, needle geometry, flow rate, and curing speed are tested. Some solutions consisting of PEG-based composition are suggested as advanced inks for cell encapsulation in extrusion-based 3D printing applications. In the last strategy, photolabile hydrogels containing a UV-labile crosslinker have been investigated. For this, photochemical properties of three different o-nitrobenzyl (NB)-based photo-labile crosslinkers are investigated initially in solution. Using UV-Vis spectrometry, important parameters such as the extinction coefficient, rate constant, and quantum yield of the photoreactions are determined. A photo linker (PLcarb) containing a carbamate-linked labile bond shows better photolytic activity than the others in terms of quantum yield. The compounds are copolymerized with acryl amide, forming photolabile hydrogels with varying degrees of crosslinking. In the gel state, photodegradation is examined by following the swelling response during or after UV irradiation at 365 nm. Finally, a top-down 3D photopatterning of photolabile P(AAm)-hydrogels is achieved through m-resolved multi-photon lithography under variation of the process parameters such as the pulse energy and the repetition rate. The possibility to pattern e. g. finely branched vascular systems into such biocompatible hydrogels is highly promising for the micro-scale engineering of hydrogels, e. g. for tissue engineering applications.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-731566 | ||||||||
Date: | 2024 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Chemistry > Institute of Physical Chemistry | ||||||||
Subjects: | Chemistry and allied sciences | ||||||||
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Date of oral exam: | 12 December 2023 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/73156 |
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