Kutzner, Carl Elias ORCID: 0000-0003-4053-2231 (2024). Protein homeostasis in muscle cells under mechanical stress conditions in health and disease. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) describes the balance of synthesis, folding, and degradation of proteins in a given cell or tissue, and is mediated by molecular chaperones and E3 ubiquitin ligases that are essential for the assembly, maintenance, and repair of complex protein machineries and for the response to stressful challenges. Especially in the sarcomeres of striated muscle, a tissue under constant stress and use, myosin motor proteins and actin filaments mediate contraction and the generated force leads to mechanical stress and misfolding of the intricate protein components. Conversely, inactivity and muscular diseases present stressful challenges that result in the increased demand for the degradation of damaged or excess proteins. The myosin chaperone UNC-45 is involved in the folding and assembly of myofilaments and has been implicated in the maintenance and response to mechanical stress. However, the exact roles of UNC-45 in human muscular disease, in muscle proteostasis, and particularly regarding the myosin motor protein under mechanical stress remain incompletely understood. This work reports pathogenic variants in the UNC45B gene that cause progressive myopathy characterized by eccentric cores. Clinical observations, biochemical experiments, and transgenic rescue assays in Caenorhabditis elegans reveal that the disease mechanism involves alterations in UNC45B mRNA splicing and UNC-45B protein levels, as well as disruptions in UNC-45 localization, folding, and interaction with myosin. A ubiquitin fusion reporter strain in C. elegans body wall muscle allows to further explore proteostasis responses to UNC-45 mutation. In addition, a transgenic model for the OPTogenetic Induction of Mechanical MUscle Stress in C. elegans (OptIMMuS) in combination with sensitive proximity labeling assays identifies the small heat shock proteins of the HSP-16 family as well as the TRIM E3 ubiquitin ligase NHL-1 and its binding partner F40A3.6 as new interactors of UNC-45 and myosin. Genetic, behavioral, and co-immunoprecipitation experiments in myosin misfolding mutants and in a ligase-dead nhl-1 mutant provide evidence that the ubiquitylation activity of this TRIM protein regulates myosin protein abundance and function under mechanical stress. Together, this work establishes a role for UNC-45 in human muscular disease and in the molecular response to mechanically induced myosin misfolding in otherwise healthy muscle. These findings suggest that UNC-45 determines the fate of misfolded myosin molecules under mechanical stress and cooperates with a TRIM E3 ligase and the ubiquitin-proteasome system in myosin proteostasis in the muscle.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-734251 | ||||||||||||||||
Date: | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
Place of Publication: | Köln | ||||||||||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||||||||||
Divisions: | CECAD - Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Biology > Institute for Genetics |
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Subjects: | Athletic and outdoor sports and games Chemistry and allied sciences Life sciences Medical sciences Medicine Natural sciences and mathematics |
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Date of oral exam: | 16 April 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/73425 |
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