Steffens, Kai ORCID: 0000-0003-4310-7775 (2024). Advanced Optimization of Organofunctionalized Silica Aerogels for Lightweight Insulations. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid-silica aerogels can be made of methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS, CH3Si(OCH3)3) and dimethyldimethoxysilane (DMDMS, Si(OCH3)2(CH3)2) in a typical sol-gel process yielding flexible and hydrophobic structures. They possess a low density, thermal conductivity, and high sound absorption, all a result of their highly nanostructured porous network, and are ideal candidates for lightweight insulation applications. Their synthesis depends on several fundamental parameters. One of these is the precursor-to-water ratio, which can be modified during the sol-gel process. With appropriate variation, the density of the final aerogel product can be systematically controlled, thus influencing the final aerogel properties. The incorporation of a fiber matrix exhibited improved stability and handling while maintaining lightweight properties. A flame-retardant agent (vinylphosphonic acid, VPA), chemically bound to the aerogel network via thiol-ene click reaction at the introduced VTMS (which partially substituted MTMS), was implemented to enhance fire resistance. This modification increased the fire resistance but also led to a higher density, an increase in thermal conductivity, and a loss of flexibility. A reduction in the proportion of VTMS and lower quantities of the flame retardant VPA were identified as future optimization potential. The synthesis of flexible hybrid-silica aerogel particles using emulsion technology was investigated. In this process, VTMS could be successfully integrated up to a proportion of 50%, which offers the potential for further functionalization. The produced particles exhibited densities of about 0.05 g/cm³, which is less than half the density of monolithic reference samples, while still retaining a remarkable insulation performance. The inclusion of commercially available hydrophobic, highly insulating silica particles (Cabot ENOVA® IC3110) as fillers should result in silica aerogel-aerogel composites with lower thermal conductivities than their respective monoliths. Other than expected, this led to increased densities and thermal conductivities due to the collapse of the particles during the drying process. The resulting aerogels and composites have been carefully investigated regarding their density, microstructure, and surface chemistry by various characterization techniques, such as helium pycnometry, scanning electron imaging, water drop shape analysis, thermogravimetric/simultaneous thermal analysis, and spectroscopic methods, e.g., energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The thermal conductivity was measured by transient-/steady-state methods and acoustic properties by an acoustic tube. The mechanical characteristics were investigated by uniaxial compression tests. The samples’ reaction to fire was measured with a self-build test. Particle sizes were analyzed with a particle size analyzer and via digital microscopy.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-746179 | ||||||||
Date: | 2024 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Chemistry > Institute of Inorganic Chemistry | ||||||||
Subjects: | Chemistry and allied sciences | ||||||||
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Date of oral exam: | 9 December 2024 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/74617 |
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