Holthaus, Michelle ORCID: 0000-0002-6207-1141 (2024). Peptidylarginine deiminase type IV sustains inflammatory response and drives maladaptive cardiac remodelling after myocardial infarction in mice. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Til today cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including myocardial infarction (MI), are still associated with high morbidity and mortality rate. Although catheter intervention in the acute phase after MI has significantly contributed to reducing mortality, five years later, one in four patients is no longer alive. Sustained inflammation and maladaptive fibrosis represent predictive risk factors for the development of heart failure (HF). Peptidylarginine deiminase type IV (PAD4), a member of the PAD enzyme family catalyses the conversion of arginine residues to citrulline in target proteins. It is critically involved in the regulation of gene expression through histone modification. The pivotal role of PAD4 in cardiac remodelling is acknowledged, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, a mouse model of MI with permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was established. Male WT, PAD4-/- and WT mice treated with the pan-PAD inhibitor BB-Cl-Amidine were subjected to MI. The Padi4 expression was elevated in mice at days 1, 3, 7, and 28 post-MI as well as in humans, who passed from MI. Padi4 ablation resulted in a reduced immune response, as evidenced by reduced levels of cell necroptosis, diminished expression of inflammation-related genes and reduced infiltration of myeloid cells, in infarcted hearts. At day 7 post-MI, PAD4-/- monocytes/macrophages (Mo/Mφ) displayed a reparative phenotype characterized by reduced expression of inflammatory genes, like Ccr2, Nos2, Tnfα, Il6 and Il1α and upregulated surface expression of the mannose receptor CD206. Additionally, reduced expression of fibrotic genes and proteins, such as TGF-β, pSMAD2, and Collagen type I were found in hearts of PAD4-/- mice. This was accompanied by diminished fibrotic pathways in isolated PAD4-/- cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), resulting in a decreased abundance of myofibroblasts, reduced scar size, and less fibrosis. Pharmacological PAD inhibition during the initial inflammatory phase (days 1 and 3) post-MI resulted in massive cardiac damage, increased inflammatory gene expression and reduced total collagen content in infarcted hearts. This led to a higher risk of cardiac rupture and significantly reduced the 7-day survival rate to approximately 20%. On the other hand, pharmacological inhibition starting after resolution of inflammation resulted in a substantial reduction in collagen abundance and fibrotic area, thus improving long-term survival. The same benefits were observed in PAD4-/- mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate that genetic and pharmacological targeting of PADs, including PAD4, may prevent adverse remodelling by altering the phenotype of macrophages, influencing pro-fibrotic pathways in CFs and thereby diminishing excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), ventricular stiffness and improving long-term survival.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-746262 | ||||||||||
Date: | 2024 | ||||||||||
Place of Publication: | Köln | ||||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Faculty of Medicine |
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Divisions: | Faculty of Medicine > Chirurgie > Klinik und Poliklinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie | ||||||||||
Subjects: | Generalities, Science Natural sciences and mathematics Life sciences Medical sciences Medicine |
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Date of oral exam: | November 2024 | ||||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/74626 |
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