Kieckhöfer, Emilia ORCID: 0009-0004-7888-9185 (2025). Regulated cell death in the pathogenesis of renal ciliopathies. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
The primary cilium is an evolutionary conserved sensory organelle present on most mammalian cell types. In the kidney, cilia project from the apical surface of tubular epithelial cells. Defects in the structure or function of primary cilia lead to ciliopathies, such as autosomal dominant and recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD/ARPKD), and several genetic syndromes, including Nephronophthisis (NPH), Joubert Syndrome (JBTS) or Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS). These syndromes display overlapping symptoms in different organs and tissues, such as retinopathy, polydactyly, neuronal developmental disorders or obesity, and commonly exhibit development of (poly-)cystic kidney disease. The cystic kidney disease observed in NPH and NPH-related ciliopathies (NPH-RC), such as JBTS or BBS, develops during childhood and adolescence and is accompanied by a massive loss of epithelial cells, as well as inflammation and interstitial fibrosis. This thesis, therefore, follows the hypothesis that regulated cell death (RCD) pathways play a role in the pathogenesis of the kidney phenotype in NPH and NPH-RC, and investigates the bidirectional interconnection between RCD and the primary cilium, as well as the role of RCD in NPH/NPH-RC. In the first part, we studied how loss of primary cilia would affect the RCD response in murine inner medullary collecting duct cells. This revealed increased expression of the necroptosis key regulator receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) in cells lacking primary cilia, and increased phosphorylation of the mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL) suggesting elevated necroptosis. In summary, cells lacking primary cilia were prone to undergo necroptosis upon induction of cell death, which was not observed in ciliated cells. This resulted in the first conclusion that the absence of primary cilia increases susceptibility to necroptotic cell death. Conversely, the presence of cilia to some extent may offer protection against necroptosis. In the second part, we aimed to understand the contribution of RCD pathways to the pathogenesis of cystic kidney disease in the well-established Nphp9/Nek8jck mouse model, in which a point mutation in the Nphp9/Nek8jck gene leads to a severe and early on-set cystic kidney disease. Crossing this mouse with a conventional knockout of Ripk3 led to an amelioration of cystic kidney disease and kidney function. Notably, this double knockout led to an upregulation of key pyroptotic regulators such as the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), Caspase-11 or Gasdermin D (GSDMD). Consistently, the deletion of GsdmD a key regulator of pyroptosis in the Nphp9/Nek8jck mouse model also improved the phenotype and function of the kidney. In summary, the in vivo data demonstrate that necroptosis, and to a certain extent pyroptosis and the inflammasome, contribute to the loss of kidney function in the studied ciliopathy model. In the third part of this thesis, we present a mouse model in which the deletion of the Bbs gene, Bbs8, results in the development of a kidney phenotype, in particular, tubule cystic kidney disease. Our data support the hypothesis that in the kidneys of the Bbs8 deficient mice pyroptosis and fibrosis is expressed, without the regulation of necroptosis. Mechanistically, loss of BBS8 resulted in increased expression and activity of the histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), which in turn destabilized ciliary microtubules by deacetylation of acetylated alpha-tubulin. In conclusion, the primary cilium exhibits a protective function to prevent RCD, particularly necroptosis and pyroptosis, and both pathways contribute to cystic kidney disease. Future work will have to address to what extent RIPK3 and GSDMD might serve as potential therapeutic targets in NPH or NPH-RC.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-749547 | ||||||||
Date: | 2025 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | CECAD - Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases | ||||||||
Subjects: | Natural sciences and mathematics Life sciences |
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Date of oral exam: | 21 May 2024 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/74954 |
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