Kasemir, Jacquelin ORCID: 0000-0001-9176-5241
(2024).
Exploring the Role of HCN1 Pathogenic Variants in Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies: Insights from HCN1G380D and HCN1M142I Mouse Models.
PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are a group of severe neurological disorders that start in early life. They are characterized by frequent, often treatment-resistant seizures, and cognitive impairments. These disorders are frequently caused by de novo mutations in genes encoding voltage-gated ion channels. Notably, de novo mutations in the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated non-selective cation channel 1 (HCN1), which influence neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, and rhythmic activity in neurons, particularly in cortex and hippocampus, have been identified in DEE patients. Patients with the p.G391D variant in HCN1 suffer from neonatal-onset epileptic encephalopathy characterized by severe intellectual disabilities, microcephaly, a resistance to anti-seizure medications (ASMs), and early death. Moreover, patients with the p.M153I variant suffer from early-infantile epileptic encephalopathy, displaying milder intellectual disabilities, and ASMs resistance. Two knockin mouse lines, Hcn1G380D (GD) and Hcn1M142I (MI), were generated, each carrying a heterozygous mutation homologous to those found in human patients. As shown previously, both GD and MI mice exhibit spontaneous epileptic seizures and locomotor hyperactivity. The current study aimed to further investigate behavioral comorbidities, such as motor coordination deficits, impaired spatial working memory, and altered anxiety behavior, with GD mice exhibiting more severe impairments than MI mice. Administration of ASMs, like lamotrigine or phenytoin, which are sodium channel blockers, induced epileptic seizures in both mouse models – a phenomenon also reported in patients with a pathogenic HCN1 variant. Interictal electrocorticogram (ECoG) recordings revealed reduced low and high gamma oscillations during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in GD mice. Additionally, hippocampal CA1 silicon probe depth recordings in awake head-fixed GD mice in the Mobile HomeCage (MHC) showed reduced high gamma oscillations in stratum pyramidale (SP) during immobility and decreased ripple oscillation frequencies. Together, these findings suggest an underlying interneuronopathy in GD animals. Since HCN1 channels are expressed in the soma and distal dendrites of pyramidal neurons, the G380D mutation leads to reduced HCN1 protein expression in the hippocampus, and in vitro studies have shown decreased action potential firing in these neurons. In vivo CA1 unit analysis confirmed this finding, demonstrating reduced firing rates of pyramidal neurons in SP. Furthermore, HCN1 is found in axon terminals of parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons. Preliminary results indicated similar firing rates of these neurons in SP between GD and wild-type (WT) animals but suggested potential feed-forward inhibition deficits. To further investigate the role of HCN1 dysfunction in interneurons in GD mice, a new mouse line was generated in which the G380D mutation is flanked by loxP sites, allowing the conditional cre recombinase-mediated removal of the disease allele. By using Gad2-cre mice, the GD allele was deleted in all GABAergic neurons. These mice (GDGAD) still show locomotor hyperactivity and attenuated gamma-oscillations during REM sleep but do not exhibit spontaneous epileptic seizures. Together, these findings support our hypothesis and provide conclusive evidence for an interneuronopathy in GD mice.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-750080 | ||||||||
Date: | 2024 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Faculty of Medicine |
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Divisions: | Faculty of Medicine > Sonstiges > Experimentelle Neurophysiologie | ||||||||
Subjects: | Life sciences Medical sciences Medicine |
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Date of oral exam: | 16 January 2025 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/75008 |
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