Saake, Pia ORCID: 0000-0002-1776-8580
(2025).
Activation and modulation of lipid- and polysaccharide-induced plant immunity during beneficial plant-microbe interactions.
PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Plants are surrounded by a variety of microorganisms with commensal, mutualistic and pathogenic lifestyle. To monitor their environment, plants employ a multi-layered immune system consisting of extra- and intracellular receptors. Membrane-bound pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) detect conserved microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) outside of plant cells and activate pattern triggered immunity (PTI). Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) detect microbial effectors in the plant cytosol and activate effector triggered immunity (ETI). In the last decades, proteins, carbohydrates, nucelotides and lipids have been identified as MAMPs. Long-chain carbohydrates, or polysaccharides, are key structural components of microbial extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) matrices and cell walls (CWs), forming the outermost layers of microbial cells. Along with plasma membranes, which are predominantly composed of lipids, these structures constitute the interface for plant-microbe interactions. Consequently, EPS- and CW-derived polysaccharides and membrane lipids play a pivotal role in the establishment of plant-microbe associations. Here, we characterize their role as MAMPs and modulators of immunity in the interaction of the the model plant A. thaliana and crop barley (Hordeum vulgare) with the beneficial microbes Flavobacterium sp. Root935 and Serendipita indica, respectively. We provide evidence that EPS-matrices from both bacteria and fungi might function as oxidative shields or calcium chelators in addition to their function as MAMPs, thereby modulating the host immune response (Chapter 2.1, 2.2). This is likely attributed to the high branching or decoration frequency of the EPS. In addition, we identify β-glucan binding proteins as important compatibility factors in beneficial plant-microbe interactions (Chapter 2.3). Moreover, we provide a comprehensive overview of the PTI response, activated upon perception of lipids, isolated from S. indica mycelium, in barley roots. We identify ergosterol as the main immunogenic component of S. indica mycelium lipids and demonstrate activation of plant lipid signaling pathways, in particular phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) signaling and diterpene biosynthesis, in response to fungal lipid treatment. This indicates that plant lipids mediate immune responses to fungal lipids in barley (Chapter 3.1). Finally local and systemic host responses to fungal lipids during S. indica colonization are further characterized (Chapter 3.2) and compared to colonization by the pathogenic fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana (Chapter 3.3). Altogether, the work depicted in this thesis expands our knowledge on the role of lipids and polysaccharides in plant immunity during beneficial plant-microbe interactions, which could be used to develop novel strategies to promote accommodation of beneficial microbes and enhance crop resistance.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-780687 | ||||||||||||||
Date: | 2025 | ||||||||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Biology > Botanical Institute | ||||||||||||||
Subjects: | Life sciences | ||||||||||||||
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Date of oral exam: | 21 March 2025 | ||||||||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/78068 |
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